Episode #85: The Deseret Alphabet W/Joshua Erickson

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One of the reasons I love
Mormonism so much is because

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it's more than just a church.
It's not enough just to show up

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on Sunday, throw a couple bucks
in the collection plate, listen

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to a sermon, shake some hands
and call it a day.

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Mormonism is a community, almost
a counterculture, with its own

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language, customs, and
practices.

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Sometimes I think we forget that
the Lord designed it to be that

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way.
We see this most often in our

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early history.
This was never more evident than

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when the early pioneers of the
church tried to do something

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truly radical and creating a new
alphabet.

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This week I have Joshua Erickson
back on the podcast to cover the

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Deseret alphabet.
We cover its history, its

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purpose, and ultimately its
demise, which I think carries

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with it.
A warning for us today is

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Mormons.
Stick around for that and more

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on this episode of the Mormon
Renegade podcast.

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Look, it's no secret that our
society has become much more

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crude and coarse to become and
raise men and women of virtue

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and characters, a Herculean
task.

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To help with this, I've recently
wrote and published a book.

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Now, back in the 1700s,
Washington had a book called

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Rules of Civility and Decent
Behavior and Company and

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Conversation.
It was a book with 110 rules

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that talked about how to conduct
yourself like a civilized person

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in society, something that
today's society is sorely

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lacking.
What I did is I went back

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through the book and I
reinterpreted his original

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sayings for the 21st century.
So the book is laid out in a way

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in which you see Washington's
original rule.

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Right below that is my
explanation for the 21st

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century, and below that you'll
find two or three examples of

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where to use this in the real
world.

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Now, to go along with this,
there's a workbook that helps

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parents teach these principles
and practices to their kids.

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To find the book, go to
mormonrenegade.com.

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Go to the bottom of the page,
search out the blog post, and

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order your copy today.
I can bear personal testimony

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from personal experience that
this is an invaluable tool to

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help you raise men and women of
virtue and character.

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You're listening to the Mormon
Renegade Podcast.

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Joshua, how's it going?
Going well?

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Good.
Glad to be here.

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How's how's life been treating
you?

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It's been a while, right?
I mean there for a while we

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were, we were pretty consistent
and then we finished those feast

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days and.
Yeah, it's been a while.

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I've been just busy with life.
And you know, my wife's

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expecting twins and.
And you know, there's all the

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summertime projects around the
around the yard.

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And yeah, I'm planning a trip to
Missouri next week.

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So I've got a lot on my plate
work super busy, you know, which

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is good.
But I'm I'm low on sleep.

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But I've been getting a lot
done, so, well, that's always a

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trade off, isn't it?
I know there's there's times

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where I'm like, it would just be
so nice just to shut everything

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down for a week and then like
not leave the house, right?

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Just be snowed in, something
like that, and not leave the

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house.
But right now that's just

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doesn't seem to be in the cards.
So when's your wife do it's?

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Going to be in end of October,
beginning of November.

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Gotcha.
Gotcha.

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So when we when we initially
talked here, and I didn't, I

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didn't realize this, but I
believe it was Melissa that told

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me that you're kind of a a fiend
for the for the old Deseret

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alphabet.
I I do like the Deseret

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alphabet.
I have liked it since, well, I I

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was introduced to to the Deseret
alphabet when we were in Los

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Angeles.
I was going to Graduate School

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CLA and.
We were over at one of our

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friend's house actually.
I think we're babysitting there

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kids.
There's a student ward, so just

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young families.
I didn't have any kids at the

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time, although we we had our
first kid out there.

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I don't remember if we had had
our first kid or not, but

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anyway, we were out there, we
were babysitting and there's one

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of my friends.
He was.

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He was an English major, but on
his bookshelf.

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And that's one of the things
when I go over to someone else's

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house, I always just like, I'm
attracted to the bookshelf.

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Sure, I'm the same way, but he.
Had he had a copy of one of the

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Deseret Alphabet readers?
Really.

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Yeah.
And so I picked that up and

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pulled it down and it was just
very cool.

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Actually, I have a have a
copyright here.

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I believe it was the the 1st.
The reader.

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So I don't know if you can how?
Yeah.

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No, they they're coming through.
So I'll show you what it looks

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like on the inside so I could, I
could tell it was a Mormon book.

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I mean, sure, it's got a
beehive, it's got Salt Lake

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Temple, you know, but I
couldn't, I couldn't read

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anything in it.
So oh wow.

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So it was it was very strange.
There is, there was a these

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books, they were printed and
then we'll we'll talk about that

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some more, but these books.
They all had some sort of like a

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like a key in the front part.
OK.

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All right.
It.

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Shows the shows the Deseret
alphabet, letters and their

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pronunciations.
That is fascinating.

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OK.
So, so I kind of I kind of saw

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that and then kind of went
through and kind of picked

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through the book and started to
start to decipher it I guess and

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just got hooked and.
You're going to ask a question.

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Yeah.
So with with the desert

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alphabet, what?
What is?

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First off, I want to say it's
one again.

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Mormon history is so metal on so
many different S aspects, right?

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Like, people forget Brigham's
not coming out here to the West

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and to the Salt Lake Valley just
to have a place within the

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United States.
He left America, right?

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Him and the Saints, we're out.
This hasn't gone well for us.

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We're going someplace that's not
America, right?

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Big fan of the Constitution.
He he He loved the Constitution,

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but he felt like.
I love the Constitution, but I

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hate the damn rascals who
administer it.

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Exactly.
Yeah.

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And so you you get this feeling
that he's, he's wanting to move

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out of there and and not just
start a new colony for America,

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but this is a different country.
This is a field democracy of the

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Kingdom, right.
And one of the things that lends

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itself to that is, is this idea
of even its own alphabet, right.

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I mean it's it's it's mental.
I I don't know how.

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It's absolutely cool.
What was his impetus for doing

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that?
What was his reasonings?

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You know what the the reasoning
his reasonings were.

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Basically to make it was, it was
an impulse to make everything

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better.
There's there's actually kind of

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several reasons I guess, but
they all kind of stand together.

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One is and we all, we all,
everyone who speaks English and

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every and especially people who
have learned English as a second

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language know how difficult
English is as a language among

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the languages of the world.
And you know, a big part of that

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is that we are.
Very inconsistent with spelling,

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right?
So, so that was one is to help

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to help not only children but
also foreigners to learn

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English.
Cuz there were a lot of folks

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from Scandinavia coming over at
that time, correct?

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And and then the other, the
other kind of dual purpose here

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is, is that there's just an idea
of improvement in of everything,

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anything that can be improved,
we want to improve.

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Including language and and
there's not only it's not only

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just a, you know that Yankee
work ethic kind of thing but

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there's also a theological
reason because because we

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believe and our scriptures say
that the languages our language

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is corrupted right now no one
ever said that the desert

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alphabet was like a damn it or
something like that but there

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was kind of an idea I suppose
that that we're going to.

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So this is a step towards
purifying our language.

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Not that, not that it not that
the desert alphabet is, but, you

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know, but it's that idea of God
helps those that help

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themselves.
And you know, we show God that

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we want a pure language.
And so we and we should

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demonstrate that we demonstrate
our faith by coming up with a

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new alphabet and trying to
purify English as best we can.

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And then maybe we'll qualify
ourselves to receive more,

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right?
So how long was was the the

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desert alphabet being used?
I mean, what's what's its

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lifespan?
It was it was short, you know, a

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decade or two.
So I actually have, I have a

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presentation here.
I don't know if you got it up

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there.
I'm going to.

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I'm going to.
Go through, We'll go through the

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history, and the history
actually goes starts before

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Brigham Young K.
So, so we're going to, I'm going

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to start by talking kind of
about about the history of

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English reform, English spelling
reform, English language reform

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and also some of the ideas that
go into language and alphabets

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and things like that.
And then how the how the Mormon

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experiment into English reform
kind of ties into the larger

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larger English reform.
So okay.

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First slide there Ch equals.
What?

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Shh or Ch, Right.
Usually we would say I like it.

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As in church.
Yeah, like church.

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Which is the next slide, Right?
Right.

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So church.
But next slide.

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What about cello or witch or
act?

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So sometimes we spell that sound
with just a C or with a TCH or T

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and and this is, you know,
frustrating to children because

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they're like, just sound it out
and then they realize they can

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hardly sound out anything,
right.

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I don't know if you've ever
tried teaching a child to read.

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You know, this one is an
exception.

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This one's just says yeah, this
one says actual in.

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In Full disclosure, I never
worked with my kids much on ring

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because I'm I'm dyslexic and so
I I learned to read by not like

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phonetics but I learned to read
based off of cat is a good just

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an example right?
You know CAT is cat.

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I don't see it CAT, right.
Sometimes those are scrambled.

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But what I was able to do is
figure out if those 3 letters

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are together.
It's probably cat.

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And so that's how I learn to
read.

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So.
But yeah, Yep.

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That's good.
So now we could say, well, okay,

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there's a lot of ways to spell
that, that Ch sound.

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But if we do see Ch, then surely
that's gonna be a sound, right?

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But that's we're not even that
good, right?

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So.
Next slide You know what about?

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Sometimes Ch makes sound like an
we would think of as an SH sound

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Charlotte.
Or sometimes Ch is silent yacht

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and sometimes it makes a K sound
like chaos.

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It is.
It is chaos.

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It is confusing, isn't it?
I didn't even think about it.

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But when you stop to think about
it, it it it's got to be

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frustrating.
It's tremendous.

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So have you seen this word
before?

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Gaudy.
It looks like Gotti or Gotti.

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00:12:42,950 --> 00:12:46,790
Maybe you'd pronounce it but
John Gotti, and that's where I

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went to and.
If I saw it, yeah, this word is

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actually pronounced fish.
What?

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Yeah, go to the next slide.
Actually pronounced fish.

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Can you go to the next one?
Yep.

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And how do we know it's
pronounced fish?

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Well, because it's has a GH,
which is like in rough.

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Yeah, Okay and.
Oh, like in women and TI like

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motion, okay, fish.
Yeah, fish.

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That's how you spell fish.
Or you could spell fish this

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way, right?
I I guess you could.

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According to the rules of
English, no, you're right.

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You're right.
Okay.

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The rules of English are are all
over the place.

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So there's a poem that I that I
like.

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Oh, strange lingo.
Yes.

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Our strange lingo.
I'll read it here.

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When the English tongue we
speak, why is break not rhymed

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with freak?
Will you tell me why?

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00:13:44,700 --> 00:13:48,140
It's true?
We say so, but likewise few, and

227
00:13:48,140 --> 00:13:52,540
the maker of the verse cannot
rhyme his horse with worse beard

228
00:13:52,540 --> 00:13:57,100
is not the same as herd.
Cord is different from word, Cow

229
00:13:57,100 --> 00:14:00,980
is cow, but low is low.
Shoe is never rhymed with foe.

230
00:14:01,660 --> 00:14:06,040
Think of hoes, dose and lose.
And think of goose.

231
00:14:06,040 --> 00:14:11,400
And yet with choose, think of
comb, tomb, and balm, doll and

232
00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:15,920
roll, or home, and some.
Since pay is rhymed with say,

233
00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:20,480
why not paid with said?
I pray think of blood, food, and

234
00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:25,120
good mold is not pronounced like
could, wherefore done, but gone

235
00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:27,240
and loan.
Is there any reason known to

236
00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:30,600
some?
To sum up all it seems to me

237
00:14:30,760 --> 00:14:34,440
sounded letters don't agree,
yeah.

238
00:14:35,030 --> 00:14:41,150
And so this problem with English
is, which has been the bane of

239
00:14:41,150 --> 00:14:47,630
everyone who's learned English
for centuries, was noticed and

240
00:14:48,070 --> 00:14:52,670
attempted to be corrected first
by some of our founding fathers.

241
00:14:54,590 --> 00:14:57,270
Benjamin Franklin.
I got him there.

242
00:14:58,150 --> 00:15:01,390
So yeah, Benjamin Franklin was
one of the first to try to fix

243
00:15:01,390 --> 00:15:03,750
this problem, and he came up
with.

244
00:15:05,410 --> 00:15:06,050
Gotcha.
Yep.

245
00:15:06,490 --> 00:15:12,490
He came up with with Overformed
Alphabet and there it is right

246
00:15:12,490 --> 00:15:15,810
there it was.
He came up with this idea in

247
00:15:15,810 --> 00:15:20,570
1768, but he didn't actually
publish it until 1779.

248
00:15:23,450 --> 00:15:26,210
And he had a he had a, you know,
a little book that he he

249
00:15:26,210 --> 00:15:28,290
published in.
So what's the difference here?

250
00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:33,810
He actually got rid of 6
letters.

251
00:15:34,210 --> 00:15:36,050
Okay.
So they're the ones.

252
00:15:36,250 --> 00:15:37,730
C's out.
J's out.

253
00:15:37,850 --> 00:15:40,490
Q is out.
WXY is out.

254
00:15:40,570 --> 00:15:46,850
Yeah, and then he had extra some
extra letters to make some vowel

255
00:15:46,850 --> 00:15:48,770
sounds and also some combination
sounds.

256
00:15:48,770 --> 00:15:52,370
So real quick, did did Brigham
try to borrow from this at all?

257
00:15:52,690 --> 00:15:57,170
No, not not directly.
Okay.

258
00:15:59,570 --> 00:16:02,210
So.
So there's his alphabet.

259
00:16:02,210 --> 00:16:07,630
And he he had.
He had also so this alphabet he

260
00:16:07,630 --> 00:16:10,750
got basically got rid of 6 and
added six right.

261
00:16:10,750 --> 00:16:16,630
So it still had 26 letters which
is not enough to make to spell

262
00:16:16,630 --> 00:16:20,030
all the sounds in English.
So, but he had, he had some

263
00:16:20,110 --> 00:16:23,990
ideas for like kind of
standardization too, like when,

264
00:16:24,110 --> 00:16:30,830
you know when we have an an oi
sound oi you know like an oil or

265
00:16:31,070 --> 00:16:32,590
boy.
Like, we're always going to

266
00:16:32,590 --> 00:16:34,750
spell it with this combination
of letters, right?

267
00:16:34,750 --> 00:16:37,990
We're not going to do OI
sometimes and OI sometimes.

268
00:16:38,270 --> 00:16:39,990
We're going to standardize it,
right?

269
00:16:40,230 --> 00:16:42,430
Gotcha.
So it's a kind of a it was a it

270
00:16:42,430 --> 00:16:45,790
was a simplification and also a
standardization that he was,

271
00:16:46,110 --> 00:16:49,150
that he was looking at.
So he came up with this.

272
00:16:49,270 --> 00:16:52,030
When he came up with this idea,
he was actually living in

273
00:16:52,030 --> 00:16:54,910
London.
He was back, you know, across

274
00:16:54,910 --> 00:17:00,670
the pond, and he showed his, you
know, his new scheme to.

275
00:17:01,140 --> 00:17:04,420
Is landlady and to his
landlady's daughter who was

276
00:17:04,420 --> 00:17:09,220
named Mary Stevenson.
And Mary was kind of like he

277
00:17:09,220 --> 00:17:12,140
kind of adopted her as his own
daughter.

278
00:17:12,940 --> 00:17:17,180
He had a daughter I guess
similar age named Sally, but you

279
00:17:17,500 --> 00:17:19,940
know back at home.
Anyway, he showed this to her

280
00:17:20,180 --> 00:17:23,859
and she didn't really like it.
So she she actually sent him

281
00:17:24,140 --> 00:17:26,579
this letter back and she
actually wrote.

282
00:17:27,099 --> 00:17:32,140
With his new system, and saying,
Dear Sir, I have transcribed

283
00:17:32,140 --> 00:17:36,060
your alphabet, which you think
might be of service to those who

284
00:17:36,060 --> 00:17:38,380
wish to acquire an accurate
pronunciation.

285
00:17:38,740 --> 00:17:42,420
If that could be fixed, but I
see many inconveniences as well

286
00:17:42,420 --> 00:17:45,380
as difficulties that would
attend bringing your letters and

287
00:17:45,420 --> 00:17:50,220
and orthography into common use,
all our etymologies would be

288
00:17:50,220 --> 00:17:52,020
lost.
Consequently, we would not

289
00:17:52,020 --> 00:17:53,700
ascertain the meaning of many
words.

290
00:17:54,190 --> 00:17:56,990
The distinction, too, between
words of different meaning and

291
00:17:56,990 --> 00:18:01,550
similar sound would be useless
unless we living writers publish

292
00:18:01,550 --> 00:18:03,910
new editions.
In short, you believe we must

293
00:18:03,910 --> 00:18:09,110
let people spell on in their old
way, and, as we find it easiest,

294
00:18:09,190 --> 00:18:11,750
do the same ourselves with ease
and sincerity.

295
00:18:11,750 --> 00:18:15,070
I can in the old way subscribe
myself, dear Sir, your faithful

296
00:18:15,070 --> 00:18:19,950
and affectionate servant, Mary
Stephenson.

297
00:18:20,790 --> 00:18:26,870
So her.
Benjamin wrote a letter back to

298
00:18:26,910 --> 00:18:30,910
her with his new system, kind of
addressing some of her points.

299
00:18:30,910 --> 00:18:32,630
Right.
She says it's going to be

300
00:18:32,630 --> 00:18:35,790
difficult.
And basically his reply was,

301
00:18:37,070 --> 00:18:40,670
yeah, but English is already
difficult, so it's not a matter

302
00:18:40,670 --> 00:18:43,110
of whether there's going to be
difficulties or not.

303
00:18:43,630 --> 00:18:46,710
The question ought to be, which
is more difficult, which is

304
00:18:46,710 --> 00:18:49,670
going to be the great.
The easiest thing to do is to

305
00:18:49,670 --> 00:18:51,990
switch to this new system, which
is.

306
00:18:52,430 --> 00:19:00,070
Unified and simplified and
logical or to continue with the

307
00:19:00,070 --> 00:19:04,430
current system which is
cumbersome and and hardly anyone

308
00:19:04,430 --> 00:19:09,110
knows how to spell well and you
know that's that's difficult too

309
00:19:09,950 --> 00:19:14,830
so and he and of course Benjamin
he believes that the

310
00:19:14,830 --> 00:19:19,630
difficulties of switching to a
like a more unified coherent

311
00:19:19,630 --> 00:19:22,080
system.
Outweigh the disadvantages.

312
00:19:22,760 --> 00:19:30,240
Gotcha, he basically says.
He says You know, those who

313
00:19:30,680 --> 00:19:34,600
those who are presently bad at
spelling is only because they

314
00:19:34,600 --> 00:19:37,880
spell contrary to the bad rules
that we have.

315
00:19:39,120 --> 00:19:43,800
They misspell because they're
they end up spelling things more

316
00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:47,760
phonetically than they are than
what they are and.

317
00:19:47,760 --> 00:19:51,800
So they won't.
There's people who are bad

318
00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:54,840
spellers right now.
They won't even have to really

319
00:19:54,840 --> 00:19:57,640
learn to be good spellers.
They'll just spell like they

320
00:19:57,640 --> 00:19:59,720
normally do.
But we'll just have good rules

321
00:19:59,880 --> 00:20:02,520
that that they'll just follow
naturally, you know?

322
00:20:02,560 --> 00:20:08,160
So anyway, so that's his kind of
gotcha, his answer there?

323
00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:14,720
He also says that that it'll be
it'll make learning for

324
00:20:14,720 --> 00:20:18,450
foreigners and children.
Easier, which is kind of the

325
00:20:18,450 --> 00:20:24,650
same thing that that Brigham
Young said too, You know, when

326
00:20:24,650 --> 00:20:26,810
it comes to etymology, etymology
is the like.

327
00:20:26,810 --> 00:20:29,650
The origins of words like this
comes from the Greek or the

328
00:20:29,650 --> 00:20:33,050
French or Latin or whatever.
But he says, you know, that

329
00:20:33,050 --> 00:20:36,210
stuff doesn't matter.
And we just, we have English has

330
00:20:36,450 --> 00:20:40,410
by this point, English had
already changed spelling many

331
00:20:40,410 --> 00:20:41,210
times.
Yeah.

332
00:20:41,610 --> 00:20:45,550
So saying we're going to lose,
you know, the origins of words

333
00:20:45,550 --> 00:20:49,910
is kind of a moot point because
words just have been changing

334
00:20:49,990 --> 00:20:53,430
anyways, right?
And so those who are scholarly

335
00:20:53,430 --> 00:20:55,510
and interested in that will keep
track of it.

336
00:20:56,190 --> 00:20:59,950
And for the rest of us who don't
care, it's not an issue.

337
00:21:02,390 --> 00:21:07,430
So anyway, so he he goes on.
One of the one of her arguments

338
00:21:08,590 --> 00:21:11,270
was her third argument kind of
was that there would be a loss

339
00:21:11,270 --> 00:21:17,920
of distinction between words who
are different in meaning but the

340
00:21:17,920 --> 00:21:22,000
same in sound.
So she's talking about what we

341
00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:23,880
call homonyms.
Okay.

342
00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:30,600
So did my S get picked off on
your stuff?

343
00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:32,400
Sorry.
Homonyms.

344
00:21:32,680 --> 00:21:34,080
So there's two kinds of
homonyms.

345
00:21:34,080 --> 00:21:37,800
There's those things that are
called homophones or homophones,

346
00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:40,960
and then homographs.
Homophones are things that have

347
00:21:40,960 --> 00:21:47,020
the same sound, right?
So like 2-2 and two and she's

348
00:21:47,020 --> 00:21:50,660
correct that with like a
standardized spelling based on

349
00:21:50,940 --> 00:21:56,940
pronunciation, then all of these
three twos would be spelled the

350
00:21:56,940 --> 00:22:02,260
same way.
However, we already we already

351
00:22:02,260 --> 00:22:05,380
have words like that.
The other kinds of homophones

352
00:22:05,620 --> 00:22:11,600
things that are homographs like
bow of a ship and bow in

353
00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:14,440
archery, those are spelled the
same and when you're reading how

354
00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:16,720
can you tell those apart
context, other context.

355
00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:20,560
And so that's was that was his
replies yes some of the things

356
00:22:20,560 --> 00:22:25,960
that are homophones, they will
become like homographs and

357
00:22:25,960 --> 00:22:30,160
actually these homographs bow
and bow those would actually

358
00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:32,920
become differentiated by
spelling whereas they are not

359
00:22:32,920 --> 00:22:34,680
now.
So some things would become

360
00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:37,430
differentiated by spelling that
are not now, and other things

361
00:22:37,430 --> 00:22:39,070
would be we would lose the
differentiation.

362
00:22:39,350 --> 00:22:42,630
But the problem is still the
same, we just from context.

363
00:22:42,870 --> 00:22:45,830
So I'm just sitting here
thinking about it, and the words

364
00:22:45,830 --> 00:22:52,070
that seem like they would end up
with the same spelling probably

365
00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:53,910
don't make that much of a
difference because they tend to

366
00:22:53,910 --> 00:23:02,390
be words that aren't.
They're not words that are going

367
00:23:02,390 --> 00:23:05,410
to make or break.
Your point of communication,

368
00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:09,690
you'll be able to tell from the
context, usually easily.

369
00:23:09,730 --> 00:23:13,130
And for those words that you
can't tell by context, that's

370
00:23:13,130 --> 00:23:15,010
how jokes are made, right?
Absolutely.

371
00:23:15,170 --> 00:23:18,210
That's where puns come from.
So absolutely, yeah.

372
00:23:18,210 --> 00:23:21,610
Then there are things that are
both homophones and homographs,

373
00:23:21,730 --> 00:23:25,050
like stock, right, stock and
stock.

374
00:23:25,050 --> 00:23:28,010
Those are two different words.
One is the stem of a plant, and

375
00:23:28,010 --> 00:23:30,930
one is like to follow your prey
or to.

376
00:23:31,250 --> 00:23:33,570
And I'm just thinking, you know,
you got stock.

377
00:23:33,900 --> 00:23:37,100
Stock, which is follow stock,
like the stock of a plant.

378
00:23:37,100 --> 00:23:40,260
But then you got like livestock,
right?

379
00:23:40,620 --> 00:23:43,100
Which sounds too much alike
anyway.

380
00:23:43,460 --> 00:23:44,860
And that's another kind of
stock.

381
00:23:44,940 --> 00:23:46,700
Yeah.
Stock market, right.

382
00:23:46,700 --> 00:23:49,460
Yeah.
Which is, you know, stock like,

383
00:23:51,260 --> 00:23:52,820
yeah.
Anyway, you get the idea.

384
00:23:52,980 --> 00:23:56,340
There's we already have so many
words that are that sound the

385
00:23:56,340 --> 00:24:00,940
same or are spelled the same but
have different meanings that

386
00:24:01,220 --> 00:24:03,100
this is not going to be any
difficulty.

387
00:24:03,780 --> 00:24:08,300
So now so Benjamin, he, he
publishes this, but it doesn't

388
00:24:08,300 --> 00:24:10,300
really, it doesn't really catch
on.

389
00:24:10,500 --> 00:24:13,780
No one, no one ever talks about,
except for historians or

390
00:24:13,780 --> 00:24:16,700
whatever talk about Benjamin's,
you know, for the Franklin

391
00:24:16,700 --> 00:24:19,140
alphabet.
But he does get one notable

392
00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:24,660
convert and that is a man named
Noah Webster.

393
00:24:25,060 --> 00:24:27,740
Really who is also, you know,
one of the family.

394
00:24:27,780 --> 00:24:29,020
I would say he's one of the
Founding Fathers.

395
00:24:29,020 --> 00:24:30,380
Sure he is.
Yep, Yeah.

396
00:24:30,500 --> 00:24:37,480
And Webster was originally in
favor of standardization, but

397
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:40,960
not really simplification.
But Franklin kind of won him

398
00:24:40,960 --> 00:24:45,040
over to that idea.
OK, so now let me ask you this.

399
00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:50,720
Some of those other symbols that
Franklin put forward are some of

400
00:24:50,720 --> 00:24:55,600
those referenced in like
Webster's dictionary to this

401
00:24:55,600 --> 00:24:56,640
day.
Do you know what?

402
00:24:58,360 --> 00:25:00,080
He might.
You know Webster.

403
00:25:00,120 --> 00:25:04,940
Actually, in some of his later
writings, he actually like, pays

404
00:25:04,940 --> 00:25:06,660
tribute to Franklin and his
ideas.

405
00:25:06,660 --> 00:25:13,220
And I think he does print.
Not that Webster doesn't adopt

406
00:25:13,220 --> 00:25:18,380
his actual alphabet, but he kind
of adopts his ideas and it's

407
00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:23,780
like, yes, we definitely need
English is a mess, and so we

408
00:25:23,780 --> 00:25:26,100
need to do more than just
standardize, we need to actually

409
00:25:27,900 --> 00:25:29,180
make things coherent.
Gotcha.

410
00:25:29,340 --> 00:25:35,710
So you know, and Webster was,
you know, he was he was a

411
00:25:35,710 --> 00:25:40,590
patriot and he thought, he
thought, you know, the English

412
00:25:40,590 --> 00:25:44,070
language has partially been
corrupted by the British

413
00:25:44,070 --> 00:25:49,430
monarchy and they and their
flirtations with the French

414
00:25:49,430 --> 00:25:53,230
monarchy and they want to, you
know, impress the the French

415
00:25:53,230 --> 00:25:55,110
over.
And so that has kind of messed

416
00:25:55,110 --> 00:25:57,270
up everything, and the whole
thing's just corrupted.

417
00:25:57,270 --> 00:26:01,560
And Americans are a new we're a
new country and new world and

418
00:26:01,560 --> 00:26:04,360
new people, and we should have a
separate and distinct

419
00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:07,840
everything, including including
the alphabet.

420
00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:10,360
Or not necessarily.
He wasn't necessarily understand

421
00:26:10,360 --> 00:26:14,880
alphabet, but a separate way of
writing.

422
00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:19,120
Was there any flirtation, either
with Brigham or Franklin, on the

423
00:26:19,120 --> 00:26:21,200
idea of maybe a different
language altogether?

424
00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:24,200
Not that I know of.
Okay.

425
00:26:24,480 --> 00:26:27,670
Yeah, that's interesting though.
But yeah, I don't think, I don't

426
00:26:27,670 --> 00:26:30,910
think they ever considered that
English is nice.

427
00:26:34,070 --> 00:26:37,030
A lot of its problems are just
with the the written version.

428
00:26:37,310 --> 00:26:40,390
Yeah, yeah.
So, yeah.

429
00:26:40,390 --> 00:26:43,510
So he he did dedicate to some of
his writings.

430
00:26:43,510 --> 00:26:46,910
You know, he he wrote something
called the Dissertation on the

431
00:26:46,950 --> 00:26:52,910
English Language and it was
dedicated to Benjamin Franklin.

432
00:26:53,470 --> 00:26:57,670
And in his first dictionary,
which was in eight.

433
00:26:58,350 --> 00:27:04,550
Let's see, first dictionary was
in 1806, Compendious Dictionary

434
00:27:04,550 --> 00:27:07,710
of the English Language.
There was an article in there on

435
00:27:07,710 --> 00:27:10,150
the irregularities of English,
and I think he may have

436
00:27:10,310 --> 00:27:12,470
referenced some of Franklin's
characters in there.

437
00:27:12,470 --> 00:27:18,580
But anyway, and then and then,
of course, you know, 20 years

438
00:27:18,580 --> 00:27:21,740
later or so, he comes out with
his 2nd edition, which is the

439
00:27:21,740 --> 00:27:24,780
Webster's 1828, which has gained
a lot of fame.

440
00:27:25,020 --> 00:27:27,300
It was originally in two
volumes, but a lot of times

441
00:27:27,300 --> 00:27:30,860
you'll see it.
In the reprint in the modern

442
00:27:30,860 --> 00:27:35,100
volume, Yeah.
So not everything that Webster

443
00:27:35,100 --> 00:27:40,020
wanted to do has kind of been
adopted, but a lot of them have.

444
00:27:40,500 --> 00:27:41,980
I saw this funny meme the other
day.

445
00:27:43,160 --> 00:27:44,200
You know English?
Spell it.

446
00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:47,120
Color with you, America.
Color with no you.

447
00:27:47,280 --> 00:27:49,240
England spells humor with a you
and America.

448
00:27:49,360 --> 00:27:52,160
Humor with no you.
England flavor with a you and

449
00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:54,000
America no you.
England.

450
00:27:54,440 --> 00:27:56,000
What the hell are you doing
getting?

451
00:27:56,360 --> 00:27:59,080
Rid of you.
That's pretty good.

452
00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:03,600
I like it.
So, so that was the idea.

453
00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:10,440
So, you know, so this was, you
know, 18061828.

454
00:28:10,680 --> 00:28:13,470
We're getting up to kind of like
restoration.

455
00:28:13,710 --> 00:28:18,150
Time.
So on the scene comes this man

456
00:28:18,150 --> 00:28:22,550
who is of vital importance to
the Deseret alphabet, Sir Isaac

457
00:28:22,670 --> 00:28:15,310
Pittman.
We're starting to approach that

458
00:28:15,310 --> 00:28:27,990
time.
So and he in in 1830.

459
00:28:28,070 --> 00:28:28,950
Let's see.
Well.

460
00:28:32,470 --> 00:28:34,950
Like in 1845.
Yeah.

461
00:28:35,150 --> 00:28:41,120
I'll go to the next next slide.
So yeah, he, he was a key, a key

462
00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:43,520
player.
So the first thing he did is he

463
00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:48,680
developed in 1837 and it was
when he published in 1837, he

464
00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:53,840
came up with what he called
phenography or we.

465
00:28:53,920 --> 00:28:56,280
It's more commonly known as
Pittman shorthand.

466
00:28:57,080 --> 00:29:00,320
So this was like, this was the,
the invention of shorthand.

467
00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:02,120
So you know what shorthand is.
Yeah.

468
00:29:02,800 --> 00:29:07,880
So it's a way to take dictation
really quickly, really quickly.

469
00:29:08,340 --> 00:29:11,620
And before Pittman came up with
this, there wasn't really a way

470
00:29:11,620 --> 00:29:15,780
to do that really.
So which is why many of the

471
00:29:16,220 --> 00:29:20,500
sermons of Joseph Smith, for
example, are kind of fragmentary

472
00:29:20,500 --> 00:29:23,540
and what they would do because
they didn't, they didn't have

473
00:29:23,540 --> 00:29:26,580
shorthand, it hadn't been
invented yet and and even after

474
00:29:26,580 --> 00:29:29,300
it had been invented, it took a
while to spread to the to

475
00:29:29,300 --> 00:29:32,100
America, especially without
telephones and Internet

476
00:29:32,140 --> 00:29:35,380
whatever.
So they would have, like,

477
00:29:35,420 --> 00:29:40,380
multiple scribes, you know,
writing as fast as they can, and

478
00:29:40,700 --> 00:29:43,020
they would miss stuff and
hopefully the other guy would

479
00:29:43,020 --> 00:29:47,380
catch it, right?
And so, you know, so you read

480
00:29:47,500 --> 00:29:50,140
words of Joseph and there's, you
know, the King Fall.

481
00:29:50,140 --> 00:29:53,940
That discourse is cobbled
together from, I don't remember,

482
00:29:53,940 --> 00:29:58,820
four or five different scribes,
and it's just not quite as

483
00:29:59,300 --> 00:30:02,420
satisfying.
But with Pitman shorthand,

484
00:30:03,700 --> 00:30:08,810
people could write very quickly.
In fact the world record for

485
00:30:08,970 --> 00:30:12,730
this is hard to believe, but you
know, but I read this in my my

486
00:30:12,730 --> 00:30:14,890
research.
But in 1922 there was a guy

487
00:30:14,890 --> 00:30:24,290
named Nathan Barron who was able
to take dictation at 350 words

488
00:30:24,290 --> 00:30:29,370
per minute writing by hand
Hitman shorthand that is faster

489
00:30:29,370 --> 00:30:32,050
than people can type the
fastest.

490
00:30:32,050 --> 00:30:34,730
I looked this up to the like.
The fastest typing with the

491
00:30:34,730 --> 00:30:38,630
keyboard is like 300 words per
minute, which is smoking.

492
00:30:39,070 --> 00:30:42,230
But with Pittman shorthand you
can write extremely fast which

493
00:30:42,230 --> 00:30:45,430
means someone could be giving a
sermon and you can just write it

494
00:30:45,430 --> 00:30:49,350
down word for word name of
verbatim with this system and

495
00:30:49,350 --> 00:30:52,110
capture everything.
And so this is, This is why we

496
00:30:52,110 --> 00:30:54,630
have, This is why we have the
journal discourses.

497
00:30:55,790 --> 00:30:59,950
We have full word for word
sermons of, you know, Brigham

498
00:31:00,430 --> 00:31:03,090
Young and John Taylor, but not
of Joseph Smith.

499
00:31:03,410 --> 00:31:06,610
So, So what would happen is, is
that four or five guys would be

500
00:31:06,610 --> 00:31:11,810
assigned to go take shorthand
and the hope was that what one

501
00:31:11,810 --> 00:31:14,330
guy missed, the other guy would
have and then you could put it

502
00:31:14,330 --> 00:31:19,170
all together kind of based on
recollection back from from

503
00:31:19,170 --> 00:31:22,410
shorthand talking about in
Joseph's day and they would not.

504
00:31:22,730 --> 00:31:24,850
Be Joseph's day.
But in Brigham's Day, yeah, in

505
00:31:24,850 --> 00:31:26,850
Brigham's Day they would have.
Sometimes there would just be 1

506
00:31:27,250 --> 00:31:29,250
describing he would get every
catch everything.

507
00:31:29,750 --> 00:31:32,350
Holy cow dude.
I don't have enough command of

508
00:31:32,350 --> 00:31:35,910
the English language to speak
the hundreds and 50 words per

509
00:31:35,910 --> 00:31:37,910
month.
Yeah, yeah, I know some people

510
00:31:37,910 --> 00:31:39,470
who can, like my daughter for
example.

511
00:31:39,870 --> 00:31:43,150
But yeah, that's faster than
most people speak, probably.

512
00:31:43,150 --> 00:31:47,830
I don't know what a normal
speaking rate is, but 350 words

513
00:31:47,830 --> 00:31:49,670
per minute is probably more than
sufficient.

514
00:31:50,030 --> 00:31:54,070
Absolutely not.
Everyone can can go that fast

515
00:31:54,070 --> 00:31:56,830
necessarily.
But but if you're good at Pitman

516
00:31:56,990 --> 00:32:00,670
and other kinds of shorthand
have been devised as well other

517
00:32:00,870 --> 00:32:02,870
systems.
And actually Pittman has kind of

518
00:32:02,870 --> 00:32:07,670
fallen out of favor because
Pittman and there's a little

519
00:32:07,670 --> 00:32:11,310
chart there on the slide.
But Pittman would distinguish

520
00:32:11,310 --> 00:32:16,230
between different letters
sometimes with the weight of the

521
00:32:16,230 --> 00:32:21,430
stroke, which is easy to do when
you have a nib, pen or whatever

522
00:32:21,430 --> 00:32:23,270
that has the, you know, the
flexible and you can or a

523
00:32:23,270 --> 00:32:25,830
calligraphy kind of pen,
something like that.

524
00:32:26,820 --> 00:32:29,780
But you know ballpoint pens,
which is what we use now, you

525
00:32:29,780 --> 00:32:31,940
can't make thick and thin lines
really.

526
00:32:32,540 --> 00:32:36,420
So in so Pittman has mostly been
replaced by another system

527
00:32:36,420 --> 00:32:39,540
called Greg shorthand, which
actually distinguishes between

528
00:32:39,540 --> 00:32:42,420
letters by the length of the
stroke rather than the weight of

529
00:32:42,420 --> 00:32:44,420
the stroke.
So, but there's still are people

530
00:32:44,420 --> 00:32:47,220
who use Pittman, you just have
to have writing instrument that

531
00:32:47,260 --> 00:32:51,860
will allow you to so.
This is an honest question.

532
00:32:51,860 --> 00:32:53,260
I'm not being a smart ass here.
I'm.

533
00:32:53,260 --> 00:32:56,690
I'm serious.
Why is shorthand even still a

534
00:32:56,690 --> 00:33:00,210
thing in the day of record,
voice recording and that sort of

535
00:33:00,210 --> 00:33:01,170
thing?
You know what?

536
00:33:01,170 --> 00:33:05,570
It's probably mostly it's mostly
a hobby for people now, if

537
00:33:05,570 --> 00:33:09,970
anyone's into it nowadays, you
know?

538
00:33:09,970 --> 00:33:13,330
But there was a there was a time
period when ballpoint pens came

539
00:33:13,330 --> 00:33:17,210
out and but voice recording and
video recording wasn't the

540
00:33:17,210 --> 00:33:19,570
thing, right?
And Pittman was replaced by Greg

541
00:33:20,090 --> 00:33:23,290
shorthand.
So I got you.

542
00:33:23,290 --> 00:33:25,010
And I was going to say, if
that's your hobby, you got

543
00:33:25,130 --> 00:33:30,410
someone needs to discover girls.
I mean, there might be girls who

544
00:33:30,410 --> 00:33:33,730
are interested in.
Yeah, that's that's a good point

545
00:33:33,730 --> 00:33:32,090
too.
That's true, that's.

546
00:33:33,850 --> 00:33:38,010
I don't know Okay.
So now the his system of

547
00:33:38,010 --> 00:33:43,170
shorthand basically is a system
of writing sounds.

548
00:33:44,290 --> 00:33:47,730
Okay So which is why he called
it phonography.

549
00:33:48,010 --> 00:33:51,730
So writing sounds.
So rather than trying to he he

550
00:33:51,730 --> 00:33:56,050
doesn't have a quick way to
spell, he has a quick way to

551
00:33:56,490 --> 00:33:58,290
capture the sounds that are
being transmitted.

552
00:33:58,290 --> 00:34:04,090
So it was phonetic and he also
had, he also had just single

553
00:34:04,090 --> 00:34:09,170
symbols for many of the common
words, you know, the and of you

554
00:34:09,170 --> 00:34:12,370
just write a particular mark as
a shortcut.

555
00:34:12,650 --> 00:34:14,330
So there are shortcuts for very
common things.

556
00:34:14,330 --> 00:34:17,050
And then the rest of it was
phonetic, right.

557
00:34:17,449 --> 00:34:18,810
So you know, there's an example
there.

558
00:34:19,290 --> 00:34:23,530
So, so just a couple of
definitions here.

559
00:34:23,530 --> 00:34:27,050
Now first of all, so when we
talk about orthography,

560
00:34:27,409 --> 00:34:30,290
orthography is is basically
spelling.

561
00:34:30,409 --> 00:34:31,690
So it's a fancy word for
spelling.

562
00:34:31,850 --> 00:34:35,650
It does technically include some
other things, but when you see

563
00:34:35,650 --> 00:34:39,130
on the slides or you hear me, or
if you go look up the desert

564
00:34:39,130 --> 00:34:41,810
alphabet and try to do your own
research about it, you'll see

565
00:34:41,810 --> 00:34:44,250
this word.
Orthography basically means the

566
00:34:44,250 --> 00:34:47,330
science of spelling or how
things are spelled in a certain

567
00:34:47,330 --> 00:34:49,440
language.
So there's another word that

568
00:34:49,440 --> 00:34:51,760
comes up, and this is important.
Phoneme.

569
00:34:53,480 --> 00:34:58,400
So phoneme is the smallest
significant unit of spoken

570
00:34:58,400 --> 00:35:01,760
language.
So this is the smallest bits of

571
00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:05,160
significant sound.
Okay.

572
00:35:05,160 --> 00:35:11,560
So in in English that would be
the sounds that you know the

573
00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:13,360
vowel sounds that we have.
So we.

574
00:35:13,680 --> 00:35:17,000
So it's not just a EIOU though,
right?

575
00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:22,260
For a, we have an, a, and then A
and then A and those are all,

576
00:35:22,620 --> 00:35:24,740
all those are phonemes.
Okay.

577
00:35:24,820 --> 00:35:27,860
Those are simple sounds that we
put together to make words.

578
00:35:29,220 --> 00:35:33,420
And then there's also graphemes.
So grapheme is the smallest

579
00:35:33,420 --> 00:35:35,020
significant unit of written
language.

580
00:35:35,020 --> 00:35:40,260
So that's how do we write the
sounds.

581
00:35:41,230 --> 00:35:45,150
And those when you when you come
up, when you people who study

582
00:35:45,150 --> 00:35:48,710
languages want to see how these
two kind of things interact, the

583
00:35:48,710 --> 00:35:52,670
phonemes and the graphings, and
there are several different

584
00:35:52,670 --> 00:35:54,830
kinds of writing systems.
I'm going to go over these

585
00:35:54,830 --> 00:35:58,510
really quickly.
But you know, we have

586
00:35:58,550 --> 00:36:01,910
pictographic writing systems and
that's where the glyphs or the

587
00:36:01,910 --> 00:36:09,340
symbols represent whole ideas.
And so and these kind of things,

588
00:36:09,340 --> 00:36:12,780
you know, going to look at the
sandstone walls down in southern

589
00:36:12,780 --> 00:36:17,260
Utah or whatever, these are
things that are not really red,

590
00:36:17,260 --> 00:36:18,820
but they're kind of interpreted,
right?

591
00:36:19,140 --> 00:36:23,940
Like I see a guy on a on a horse
shooting a deer or something,

592
00:36:24,020 --> 00:36:26,020
right.
So there's he's telling a story

593
00:36:26,020 --> 00:36:29,340
about hunting, you know, and
but, but we don't know.

594
00:36:29,340 --> 00:36:31,820
Exactly Who?
The dude with the horns?

595
00:36:31,820 --> 00:36:32,900
The dude is.
Yeah.

596
00:36:32,900 --> 00:36:36,230
And and every person's going to
kind of might interpret this

597
00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:39,750
story a little differently.
So it's not a really tight

598
00:36:40,230 --> 00:36:44,030
language but it is.
It is a way of writing Okay.

599
00:36:44,710 --> 00:36:46,510
Next we have this is a little
tighter.

600
00:36:46,630 --> 00:36:49,270
We have things that are called
logographic languages.

601
00:36:49,550 --> 00:36:52,990
So where the graphemes.
So again the written pieces

602
00:36:53,230 --> 00:36:58,670
represent whole words or at
least like the meaningful parts

603
00:36:58,670 --> 00:37:02,330
of words.
So Chinese and Japanese and

604
00:37:02,490 --> 00:37:05,890
Egyptian hieroglyphs are
logographic writing systems.

605
00:37:06,050 --> 00:37:07,770
So here's an example from
Chinese.

606
00:37:08,290 --> 00:37:09,970
You've seen probably stuff like
this before.

607
00:37:10,450 --> 00:37:15,970
So the word or the graphene.
So the written symbol for boat,

608
00:37:16,010 --> 00:37:18,730
and I can't tell you how to
pronounce it, but the written

609
00:37:18,730 --> 00:37:24,010
symbol for boat is actually a
picture and it's you're made of

610
00:37:24,010 --> 00:37:26,380
pieces, you know?
Of the boat, Yeah.

611
00:37:26,500 --> 00:37:28,660
Vessel with eight miles or eight
people.

612
00:37:28,660 --> 00:37:31,700
That means boat.
OK, so.

613
00:37:32,300 --> 00:37:35,300
And that would have been, you
said that would have been for.

614
00:37:36,060 --> 00:37:39,460
Well, would that would that
would that have been the case

615
00:37:39,460 --> 00:37:41,260
with anyone like reformed
Egyptian?

616
00:37:42,380 --> 00:37:44,060
Probably very likely.
Yeah.

617
00:37:44,620 --> 00:37:47,260
Yeah.
So Egyptian hieroglyphs are

618
00:37:47,500 --> 00:37:48,980
don't.
Worry about Paleohebrew.

619
00:37:50,180 --> 00:37:55,010
OK, Hebrew's really interesting.
And actually Chinese is kind of

620
00:37:55,010 --> 00:38:01,570
interesting to Chinese.
You know, these are, these are

621
00:38:01,570 --> 00:38:04,610
pictures, but we've put them
together into actual words,

622
00:38:06,210 --> 00:38:09,610
Hebrew.
And Paleohebrew is interesting

623
00:38:09,610 --> 00:38:13,810
because Hebrew is basically
reformed Egyptian.

624
00:38:14,610 --> 00:38:16,170
You knew that, right?
Yeah.

625
00:38:16,170 --> 00:38:21,500
So Hebrew is the world's first
alphabet, and yet it is an

626
00:38:21,500 --> 00:38:25,500
alphabet that's made of symbols
that are pictures of things.

627
00:38:26,380 --> 00:38:34,740
And so words in Hebrew would
kind of would you could sound

628
00:38:34,740 --> 00:38:39,900
them out like you would sound
out alphabetic characters and

629
00:38:39,900 --> 00:38:42,820
tell you how to pronounce it,
but the pictures of the letters

630
00:38:42,820 --> 00:38:45,420
would also tell you something
about what the word is.

631
00:38:46,380 --> 00:38:51,710
So it's kind of a it's a really,
it's really ingenious language.

632
00:38:52,310 --> 00:39:01,070
So okay then we have syllabic
writing systems, so the symbols

633
00:39:01,070 --> 00:39:05,870
represent syllables.
And so like Cherokee is a

634
00:39:07,110 --> 00:39:10,950
classic example of this.
This is a man Sequoia, and he

635
00:39:10,950 --> 00:39:14,430
came up with the Cherokee
syllabary.

636
00:39:14,430 --> 00:39:18,710
So it's not an alphabet, but it
has all of the syllables that

637
00:39:18,710 --> 00:39:21,330
are used in the Cherokee
language, and then they string

638
00:39:21,330 --> 00:39:25,010
those together, rather than
letters representing individual

639
00:39:25,010 --> 00:39:27,970
sounds which are strung together
to make syllables, and then

640
00:39:27,970 --> 00:39:29,570
syllables are strung together to
make words.

641
00:39:30,090 --> 00:39:34,170
So this is kind of a little.
No, I'm going to ask a question

642
00:39:34,170 --> 00:39:40,250
here cuz I'm nerd like this and
and you may not be prepared to

643
00:39:40,250 --> 00:39:45,690
answer it and that's okay.
But on those on that syllabic

644
00:39:45,690 --> 00:39:49,190
system.
Is there any correlation that we

645
00:39:49,190 --> 00:39:55,670
know of between like Native
American syllabic and maybe a

646
00:39:55,670 --> 00:39:58,470
protohebrew or.
I don't know the answer to that.

647
00:39:58,470 --> 00:40:02,430
I know that people have looked
at that okay and and I think

648
00:40:02,430 --> 00:40:04,510
there are some interesting
things.

649
00:40:04,510 --> 00:40:07,910
You know, it's not like, I don't
know, I can't really comment on

650
00:40:07,910 --> 00:40:08,430
that.
Cool.

651
00:40:08,430 --> 00:40:12,940
I think there are.
You know, Cherokee is certainly

652
00:40:12,940 --> 00:40:17,060
distinct from Hebrew, right?
But kind of like, you know, with

653
00:40:17,060 --> 00:40:22,700
the Chinese, right, the word,
the Chinese word for boat, just

654
00:40:22,940 --> 00:40:26,540
Harkins back to Noah, right?
That's that's that's from Noah's

655
00:40:26,540 --> 00:40:28,860
Ark, you know, eight people in a
vessel.

656
00:40:28,860 --> 00:40:30,540
That's the word for.
Both, yeah.

657
00:40:30,540 --> 00:40:31,980
OK.
Yeah, that's what I showed.

658
00:40:32,780 --> 00:40:35,580
So there's going to be, there's
going to be similar even though,

659
00:40:36,180 --> 00:40:38,380
I mean Chinese and Hebrew are as
different as you can get.

660
00:40:38,840 --> 00:40:44,520
And yet there's these like
common roots, okay, so okay.

661
00:40:45,360 --> 00:40:48,160
And then finally we have
alphabetic systems.

662
00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:53,400
This is where graphemes, so
written symbols represent

663
00:40:53,400 --> 00:40:57,440
phonemes which are just the
sounds gotcha, not whole words,

664
00:40:57,440 --> 00:41:00,640
not whole ideas, but just
sounds.

665
00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:05,720
So and there doesn't need to be
and usually isn't an exact 1 to

666
00:41:05,720 --> 00:41:11,750
1 correspondence.
Sometimes we might use several

667
00:41:11,750 --> 00:41:16,550
graphenes or several symbols to
represent one sound, so English

668
00:41:16,550 --> 00:41:18,230
does that.
Like with the C and an H we put

669
00:41:18,230 --> 00:41:21,430
those together to make the right
so.

670
00:41:21,910 --> 00:41:26,070
So Hebrew is an example of an
alphabet and and English as

671
00:41:26,070 --> 00:41:29,230
well.
So those are both the the shama

672
00:41:30,070 --> 00:41:32,870
hero Israel.
Jehovah is our God Jehovah.

673
00:41:34,430 --> 00:41:39,960
So okay so and then it is
important also just another

674
00:41:39,960 --> 00:41:45,840
distinction is that we have we
have graphenes so graphene is

675
00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:48,840
kind of an I said it's a symbol
that we write but it's kind of

676
00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:54,880
an abstract term just because
you know we have we have a

677
00:41:54,880 --> 00:42:02,280
letter A which we use to write
the English word as in one like

678
00:42:03,440 --> 00:42:08,960
this is a water bottle but
there's a lot but we have a lot

679
00:42:08,960 --> 00:42:12,480
of ways to write but we can we
can tell right we have we call

680
00:42:12,480 --> 00:42:15,280
those things fonts or whatever a
lot of different styles.

681
00:42:16,400 --> 00:42:18,760
So I always just thought that
was to look cool.

682
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:24,360
It is to look so, so now if
you're going to so English is

683
00:42:24,360 --> 00:42:28,520
highly non phonemic so the
graphemes, the the written

684
00:42:28,520 --> 00:42:33,800
symbols and the sounds don't
match up in a consistent way

685
00:42:34,280 --> 00:42:39,490
many times.
So English has about 40 and

686
00:42:39,570 --> 00:42:43,010
you'll you'll see different
things 40 to 44 phonemes.

687
00:42:43,010 --> 00:42:45,450
So those are again those are the
sounds English has about 40 to

688
00:42:45,450 --> 00:42:50,490
44 sounds that it makes and we
have about 45 letters that we

689
00:42:50,490 --> 00:42:53,250
use to represent that.
Why do I say 45 letters?

690
00:42:53,770 --> 00:43:00,530
Because English is bicameral, so
that means we have a capital and

691
00:43:00,530 --> 00:43:02,610
lower case or lower case
letters.

692
00:43:03,020 --> 00:43:06,820
Many many alphabets do not act.
In fact a minority of of

693
00:43:06,860 --> 00:43:12,220
alphabets have that.
So Hebrew for example doesn't.

694
00:43:12,620 --> 00:43:15,060
There is no such thing as upper
or lower case.

695
00:43:15,060 --> 00:43:18,300
Proper names and your proper
nouns, names and places are are

696
00:43:18,300 --> 00:43:24,540
not capitalized in any way and
most written alphabets are that

697
00:43:24,540 --> 00:43:26,180
way.
So even, like, the name of

698
00:43:26,180 --> 00:43:28,980
Jehovah, they wouldn't have
capitalized differently to.

699
00:43:29,700 --> 00:43:31,140
Wow, okay.
That's right.

700
00:43:31,570 --> 00:43:37,690
They they they may have some
sort of calligraphy or some.

701
00:43:37,810 --> 00:43:41,330
Something to say like fancy way
of writing but the idea of upper

702
00:43:41,330 --> 00:43:43,050
and lowercase.
Just did not exist.

703
00:43:43,370 --> 00:43:48,210
Yeah, so English is, and so that
English is bicameral.

704
00:43:48,210 --> 00:43:50,170
So that kind of complicates
things.

705
00:43:50,170 --> 00:43:52,250
You know, uppercase A and
lowercase a.

706
00:43:52,890 --> 00:43:55,490
Those are two different letters,
right?

707
00:43:56,050 --> 00:43:59,710
So we like to say we have 26
letters, but it's actually. 26 *

708
00:43:59,710 --> 00:44:01,390
2?
Yeah, almost times two, right?

709
00:44:01,390 --> 00:44:03,870
Because the C upper case C and
lower case C are the same.

710
00:44:04,230 --> 00:44:07,310
O is the same, X is the same.
You know, you're right.

711
00:44:07,390 --> 00:44:12,750
English does suck, so some of
them have different letters,

712
00:44:12,750 --> 00:44:15,150
different letter shapes for
upper and lower case and

713
00:44:15,150 --> 00:44:19,870
Silverman.
So anyway, but with those.

714
00:44:20,230 --> 00:44:24,390
So we need to represent 40 or 44
sounds with 45 letters.

715
00:44:24,550 --> 00:44:31,170
But we have about 250 ways,
gotcha, that we write letters or

716
00:44:31,170 --> 00:44:34,250
combinations of letters to
represent the phonemes that we

717
00:44:34,250 --> 00:44:35,170
have.
Gotcha.

718
00:44:35,530 --> 00:44:38,610
So that's a lot of different
ways.

719
00:44:38,650 --> 00:44:42,570
Yeah, it is.
Holy cow to so really in.

720
00:44:42,810 --> 00:44:46,770
In other words, what we're
saying is in order to, in order

721
00:44:46,770 --> 00:44:52,210
to fully learn, fully know how
to how to pronounce and, you

722
00:44:52,210 --> 00:44:56,850
know, read and write English,
you actually have to know 250

723
00:44:56,930 --> 00:44:59,090
different combinations of
letters to represent all the

724
00:44:59,090 --> 00:45:01,370
sounds.
So a lot of those are rare,

725
00:45:01,490 --> 00:45:03,970
right.
So we do have, we do have rules

726
00:45:03,970 --> 00:45:07,370
that can get us a good way
there, you know.

727
00:45:07,850 --> 00:45:10,770
But there are so many exceptions
in English that in order to be

728
00:45:10,770 --> 00:45:13,530
fully fluent, you would have to
know all those things.

729
00:45:13,570 --> 00:45:16,010
Right.
So, OK, yeah.

730
00:45:16,010 --> 00:45:19,090
So just back to fish.
So.

731
00:45:19,210 --> 00:45:24,620
So these are you know, GH is a
graphene that we used to

732
00:45:24,620 --> 00:45:27,540
sometimes write the phoneme,
right?

733
00:45:28,140 --> 00:45:33,100
Okay.
Alright so so if we want to make

734
00:45:33,260 --> 00:45:36,820
a more convenient or consistent
alphabet, then we need to know

735
00:45:36,820 --> 00:45:39,260
how many sounds we need to
represent.

736
00:45:39,260 --> 00:45:43,900
So how do we figure out how many
sounds are in a language the way

737
00:45:43,900 --> 00:45:48,300
the way that we do that we've we
figure it out is we look at what

738
00:45:48,300 --> 00:45:55,150
are called minimal pairs.
So minimal pairs are, you know,

739
00:45:55,150 --> 00:46:00,670
words or phrases in a language
that differ in only one place

740
00:46:01,670 --> 00:46:03,430
and have different have
different meanings.

741
00:46:04,030 --> 00:46:06,750
And if they if they're the same
everywhere but differ in one

742
00:46:06,790 --> 00:46:10,230
aspect and that causes them to
have different meanings, then we

743
00:46:10,230 --> 00:46:13,470
know that those are different
phones, this kind of technical

744
00:46:13,470 --> 00:46:16,750
stuff.
But here is a simple example

745
00:46:17,030 --> 00:46:20,390
that versus that.
So are those, are those the

746
00:46:20,390 --> 00:46:22,440
same?
Do those mean the same?

747
00:46:22,880 --> 00:46:26,760
I mean, if someone says give me
that microphone, yeah.

748
00:46:26,760 --> 00:46:28,480
It means the same.
It means the same, right.

749
00:46:28,840 --> 00:46:30,840
So.
So you might be tempted to say,

750
00:46:30,840 --> 00:46:37,280
well, the sound like in that and
the sound like in that, those

751
00:46:37,280 --> 00:46:39,280
are interchangeable.
They're interchangeable.

752
00:46:39,320 --> 00:46:41,360
They're not.
They're not really different

753
00:46:41,440 --> 00:46:46,720
phones unless we can find,
unless we can find a word where

754
00:46:47,080 --> 00:46:49,400
making the substitution does
change the meaning.

755
00:46:50,200 --> 00:46:55,770
Okay.
So, so like this though though

756
00:46:55,770 --> 00:46:57,930
versus though.
OK, yeah, those different

757
00:46:57,930 --> 00:46:58,850
things.
So those have different

758
00:46:58,850 --> 00:46:59,610
meanings.
OK.

759
00:46:59,610 --> 00:47:03,610
So if we can find a pair of
words that have that where we

760
00:47:03,610 --> 00:47:06,970
switch those two elements that
we're interested in and it

761
00:47:06,970 --> 00:47:09,130
changes the meaning, then we
know that those are actually

762
00:47:09,130 --> 00:47:11,730
different sounds, OK.
And we need then, then that's a

763
00:47:11,730 --> 00:47:13,290
phone.
Then those are phonemes of the

764
00:47:14,010 --> 00:47:15,970
of the language.
Dude, I can't imagine the amount

765
00:47:15,970 --> 00:47:19,440
of work that went into
developing, you know, just

766
00:47:19,440 --> 00:47:21,480
studying this stuff, just.
Studying that stuff out?

767
00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:24,520
That's nuts, right?
So here's some other examples of

768
00:47:24,520 --> 00:47:28,680
just minimal pairs that you can
use to show that yeah, P&B are

769
00:47:28,680 --> 00:47:32,600
different because pin.
Pin Yep and R&L are different in

770
00:47:32,600 --> 00:47:38,680
English Rod and Lot and.
Thy and thy and the moon are

771
00:47:38,800 --> 00:47:41,160
both spelled th but they are
different.

772
00:47:41,760 --> 00:47:45,600
Funny, because if you thy and
thy are different words, they're

773
00:47:45,600 --> 00:47:47,160
mean.
So anyway, I won't go through

774
00:47:47,160 --> 00:47:51,100
all those but but we can go
through that with all the all

775
00:47:51,100 --> 00:47:56,540
the 4040 or 44 phonemes in
English and you can find you

776
00:47:56,540 --> 00:47:59,300
know, minimal pairs and make
arguments that yes this is the

777
00:47:59,300 --> 00:48:03,740
set of sounds that English needs
to represent with its alphabet.

778
00:48:03,980 --> 00:48:07,060
Gotcha Okay.
So now back to Pittman.

779
00:48:07,460 --> 00:48:13,140
So he he came up with shorthand,
which was phonography, you know,

780
00:48:13,140 --> 00:48:16,260
how to write really quick.
And he used this phonetic idea

781
00:48:17,210 --> 00:48:21,090
to help simplify things.
But his real love was not

782
00:48:21,090 --> 00:48:24,730
phonography, but phenotype.
So he wanted to.

783
00:48:25,170 --> 00:48:30,410
So phenotype.
He wanted to actually not just

784
00:48:31,610 --> 00:48:35,450
make a tool for those taking
dictation, court reporters or

785
00:48:35,450 --> 00:48:38,530
whatever.
Excuse me, but to actually

786
00:48:38,530 --> 00:48:43,120
change the way that we print
Okay English like in books,

787
00:48:43,520 --> 00:48:45,880
right?
And so, you know, here's an

788
00:48:45,880 --> 00:48:50,120
example of his, his phenotypic
alphabet.

789
00:48:50,880 --> 00:48:56,600
And this was put together in.
It was his first published in

790
00:48:56,600 --> 00:48:58,120
1845.
So remember, he did his

791
00:48:58,120 --> 00:49:03,640
shorthand in 1837 and he came up
with his phenotypic alphabet in

792
00:49:03,640 --> 00:49:07,080
1845.
So again, this is, you know,

793
00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:11,610
things are happening in the
Restoration There, towards the

794
00:49:11,610 --> 00:49:14,250
end of his life, he actually was
knighted, so he became Sir Isaac

795
00:49:14,250 --> 00:49:17,970
Pittman.
It was probably a little bit

796
00:49:17,970 --> 00:49:21,610
bittersweet though, because he
was knighted for his efforts in

797
00:49:21,730 --> 00:49:25,970
phonography, so shorthand with
no mention made of the thing

798
00:49:25,970 --> 00:49:29,370
that he really wants to do,
which was form the way that we

799
00:49:29,370 --> 00:49:33,730
read and write English.
So okay.

800
00:49:34,170 --> 00:49:37,970
So this brings us to George
Darling, George Darling Watt or

801
00:49:37,970 --> 00:49:40,000
George D Walk?
Heard of George DeWalt?

802
00:49:40,160 --> 00:49:42,520
I have not.
OK, well, I'm about to tell you

803
00:49:42,520 --> 00:49:45,360
about about him.
So he was actually the very

804
00:49:45,480 --> 00:49:50,880
first foreign convert to
Mormonism.

805
00:49:51,080 --> 00:49:51,800
Really.
Yep.

806
00:49:51,840 --> 00:49:53,760
And he, he happened to be in
England.

807
00:49:54,920 --> 00:49:59,440
He was baptized, as you can see
there, July 30th, 1837.

808
00:49:59,600 --> 00:50:02,200
There's actually 9 individuals
that are going to be baptized

809
00:50:02,240 --> 00:50:08,100
that day by Hebri C Kimball.
He was the the missionary, and

810
00:50:08,180 --> 00:50:11,580
he received Kimball described
those first baptisms as follows.

811
00:50:12,900 --> 00:50:17,060
He said, I had the pleasure
about 9:00 AM of baptizing 9

812
00:50:17,060 --> 00:50:20,220
individuals and hailing them
brethren and sisters in the

813
00:50:20,220 --> 00:50:23,020
Kingdom of God.
These were the first persons

814
00:50:23,020 --> 00:50:28,700
baptized into the church in a
foreign land, and only the 8th

815
00:50:28,700 --> 00:50:33,800
day after our arrival in Preston
a circumstance took place which

816
00:50:33,840 --> 00:50:36,600
I cannot refrain from
mentioning, or it will show the

817
00:50:36,640 --> 00:50:40,000
eagerness and anxiety of some in
that land to obey the gospel.

818
00:50:40,200 --> 00:50:43,960
Two of the male candidates, when
they had changed their clothes

819
00:50:44,000 --> 00:50:46,440
at a distance of several rods
from the place where I was

820
00:50:46,440 --> 00:50:49,480
standing in the water, were so
anxious to obey the gospel that

821
00:50:49,480 --> 00:50:52,120
they ran with all their might to
the water, each wishing to be

822
00:50:52,120 --> 00:50:55,160
baptized first.
The younger George D Watt, being

823
00:50:55,160 --> 00:50:59,480
quicker afoot than the elder out
ran him and and came first into

824
00:50:59,480 --> 00:51:02,050
the water.
So basically, he's.

825
00:51:02,170 --> 00:51:05,250
On fire, he became the first
person baptized because they

826
00:51:05,410 --> 00:51:07,650
actually both wanted to be first
and so they decided to have a

827
00:51:07,650 --> 00:51:14,690
race to decide it and yeah and
he ran and so so there he is now

828
00:51:15,010 --> 00:51:27,050
the, the millennial star you
know in later on this this is in

829
00:51:27,050 --> 00:51:31,050
1849, so quite a bit later.
But they actually, they actually

830
00:51:31,050 --> 00:51:34,850
printed a like a likeness of him
like on this card for people to

831
00:51:34,850 --> 00:51:37,010
like collect.
And they said they were

832
00:51:37,010 --> 00:51:40,690
advertising, selling these
little cards saying you know if

833
00:51:40,690 --> 00:51:46,170
you buy this will help help him
to immigrate to to America.

834
00:51:46,170 --> 00:51:48,890
It was actually it was his
second time coming back.

835
00:51:48,930 --> 00:51:54,570
But anyway so so he's there in
England.

836
00:51:54,570 --> 00:51:58,970
He was, he was baptized, like I
said, in 1837, in 1846.

837
00:52:00,980 --> 00:52:03,220
So, Oh no, I'm not.
OK, so sorry.

838
00:52:03,660 --> 00:52:06,460
You have it in the notes in
1841.

839
00:52:06,820 --> 00:52:09,140
So a couple of years after he's
baptized, he was called to be a

840
00:52:09,140 --> 00:52:14,060
missionary and he was called to
preside over the Edinburgh

841
00:52:14,220 --> 00:52:18,540
conference, so in Scotland.
So he was the mission president,

842
00:52:18,540 --> 00:52:20,940
basically.
And while he was in Scotland in

843
00:52:20,940 --> 00:52:25,460
1841, he starts studying Pittman
shorthand.

844
00:52:25,940 --> 00:52:33,080
OK, And then just year, year or
two after that 184243, he comes

845
00:52:33,080 --> 00:52:38,080
to Nalu and he sets up the
Photographic Society of Nalu.

846
00:52:38,080 --> 00:52:41,480
He teaches pornography to the
school, the prophets, and.

847
00:52:43,360 --> 00:52:45,800
Can't get enough of the Mormon
Renegade podcast?

848
00:52:45,960 --> 00:52:48,680
Well, good news, we're on
Patreon and there's three

849
00:52:48,680 --> 00:52:50,160
packages that you can choose
from.

850
00:52:50,720 --> 00:52:53,840
The first one, the Slightly
Rowdy package, allows you to

851
00:52:53,840 --> 00:52:56,880
hear the podcast without all
those pesky commercials getting

852
00:52:56,880 --> 00:52:59,110
in the way.
For those who want a slightly

853
00:52:59,110 --> 00:53:02,550
more indepth experience, there's
the Stirring It Up package where

854
00:53:02,550 --> 00:53:06,350
you can hear adfree audio,
adfree video and transcripts.

855
00:53:06,830 --> 00:53:10,230
Finally, for those who want to
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856
00:53:10,230 --> 00:53:12,910
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857
00:53:12,910 --> 00:53:16,950
two packages, plus an extra show
where myself and Ben Winfield

858
00:53:17,230 --> 00:53:20,110
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859
00:53:20,110 --> 00:53:22,150
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You will also get exclusive

860
00:53:22,150 --> 00:53:25,640
access to Renegade chat.
And on there you'll be able to

861
00:53:25,640 --> 00:53:28,400
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862
00:53:28,400 --> 00:53:31,280
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Go to Patreon today and get your

863
00:53:31,280 --> 00:53:37,560
exclusive content.
But you know, of course Joe

864
00:53:37,560 --> 00:53:43,160
Smith was martyred in 1844, so
just very shortly after he had

865
00:53:43,160 --> 00:53:45,920
arrived, So he didn't do much in
NABU.

866
00:53:45,920 --> 00:53:50,480
But Joe Smith was killed and
then they were planning on

867
00:53:50,480 --> 00:53:55,970
heading out West and George Watt
was actually before Joseph was

868
00:53:55,970 --> 00:53:57,370
killed they were planning on
heading West.

869
00:53:57,850 --> 00:54:00,370
And George Watt was one of the
one of the ones who had

870
00:54:00,370 --> 00:54:04,090
volunteered to go on that
expedition to look for new

871
00:54:04,090 --> 00:54:08,530
places for the Saints.
But Joseph is Joseph is killed

872
00:54:08,570 --> 00:54:12,130
and plans change and they
actually send him to back to

873
00:54:12,130 --> 00:54:16,650
England in 1846 to another
mission.

874
00:54:16,650 --> 00:54:21,130
So.
So he goes, he goes back there.

875
00:54:21,210 --> 00:54:28,780
And in 1847, April of 1847,
while he's there, Brigham Young

876
00:54:28,780 --> 00:54:33,180
writes to him, it is the wish of
the council that you procure 200

877
00:54:33,180 --> 00:54:38,260
pounds of phonotype.
So this is so Pittman had had

878
00:54:39,460 --> 00:54:43,620
started printing books and stuff
with his phenotypic alphabet.

879
00:54:44,180 --> 00:54:47,100
And you know there was, there
were foundries there that could

880
00:54:47,100 --> 00:54:51,770
make, you know type.
And so he said we want you to

881
00:54:51,770 --> 00:54:54,450
get 200 pounds of phonotype of
thereabouts as you may find

882
00:54:54,930 --> 00:54:57,850
necessary to print small book
for the benefit of the Saints

883
00:54:58,330 --> 00:55:01,490
and cause the same to be
forwarded to winter quarters

884
00:55:01,490 --> 00:55:04,810
before navigation closes by some
trusty brother on his return.

885
00:55:04,810 --> 00:55:07,930
So that we have the type to use
next winter.

886
00:55:09,450 --> 00:55:11,210
So Brigham's already thinking
about stuff.

887
00:55:11,370 --> 00:55:14,450
Yeah.
So you remember, right, George

888
00:55:14,450 --> 00:55:17,410
Watt, He was the very first
European convert, but he was

889
00:55:17,410 --> 00:55:21,390
certainly not the last.
So he comes to Nabu, you know,

890
00:55:21,430 --> 00:55:24,710
184243.
But before that time and

891
00:55:24,710 --> 00:55:29,030
certainly after that time,
there's just a flood of Germans

892
00:55:29,030 --> 00:55:31,950
and Swedes and Danes, you know,
and Englishmen too.

893
00:55:31,950 --> 00:55:35,710
But there's all these other
folks who do not speak English

894
00:55:36,150 --> 00:55:38,630
and who are in an English
speaking country with

895
00:55:38,750 --> 00:55:40,630
predominantly English speaking
Saints.

896
00:55:41,310 --> 00:55:46,350
And so yeah, Brigham's thinking
what, what can we do to get

897
00:55:46,350 --> 00:55:49,150
these people up Speed, right.
The most efficient way possible.

898
00:55:49,870 --> 00:55:55,710
So this type that he asked want
to get, we don't know what

899
00:55:55,710 --> 00:55:58,710
happened to that.
We never it never arrived for

900
00:55:58,790 --> 00:56:03,150
whatever reason.
But later on in 1847, we all

901
00:56:03,150 --> 00:56:04,430
know what happened, right?
Right.

902
00:56:04,510 --> 00:56:08,150
They actually do leave.
So they're they're headed West.

903
00:56:08,590 --> 00:56:10,950
Yep.
And they're dealing with all the

904
00:56:10,950 --> 00:56:15,040
difficulties of setting up a new
life in the desert, making the

905
00:56:15,040 --> 00:56:19,120
desert blossom as a river.
K But it's not too they haven't

906
00:56:19,120 --> 00:56:27,000
been in Deseret too long before
before they start thinking about

907
00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:30,000
bigger things, which is, to me,
it's just such a testament to

908
00:56:30,000 --> 00:56:32,640
like, the planning and the
force, because it could.

909
00:56:32,680 --> 00:56:35,880
It could so easily be a group of
people who are just trying to

910
00:56:35,920 --> 00:56:38,640
you.
Could just survive right which

911
00:56:38,640 --> 00:56:46,200
which initially it's got to be
right just to survive and and

912
00:56:46,200 --> 00:56:49,320
then year after year goes by of
just surviving and we're just

913
00:56:49,680 --> 00:56:53,480
we're in a new place and we just
grow our crops and year after

914
00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:56,240
year and and that's all we think
about You know maybe we you know

915
00:56:56,240 --> 00:56:59,360
we go to meetings or whatever
but but Brigham was interested

916
00:56:59,360 --> 00:57:06,840
in bigger things.
So I had a buddy who was a big

917
00:57:06,840 --> 00:57:10,880
survivalist, right?
I mean like, hardcore do stupid

918
00:57:10,880 --> 00:57:13,120
crap.
Kind of survivalist, right?

919
00:57:13,400 --> 00:57:17,240
Just to push his limits.
And I remember once we were

920
00:57:17,240 --> 00:57:19,920
sitting around and we were
talking about shows about that

921
00:57:19,920 --> 00:57:21,160
sort of stuff we liked.
Right?

922
00:57:21,160 --> 00:57:24,920
And I brought up Les Stroud, who
was called him Survivor Man,

923
00:57:25,240 --> 00:57:27,080
Right.
And then they talked a little

924
00:57:27,080 --> 00:57:30,160
bit about that show alone,
which, you know, on The History

925
00:57:30,160 --> 00:57:31,720
Channel, which drops people out
there.

926
00:57:32,360 --> 00:57:34,880
I think there's something to
this because he, as we were

927
00:57:34,880 --> 00:57:37,080
talking about, he's like, I can
always tell who's going to win.

928
00:57:37,760 --> 00:57:40,760
I was like, how so?
And he said two things.

929
00:57:42,220 --> 00:57:47,260
Typically, the people who have
stable home lives do very well.

930
00:57:47,980 --> 00:57:49,580
There's emotional stress.
Right.

931
00:57:49,580 --> 00:57:52,820
Because it's not.
You're not worried about what's

932
00:57:52,820 --> 00:57:55,700
going on at home because you
trust your partner and you try.

933
00:57:55,700 --> 00:58:00,820
You know, there's kids there and
you usually have a bit of a.

934
00:58:00,820 --> 00:58:03,860
Piece of mind.
The other thing is the people

935
00:58:03,860 --> 00:58:06,460
who never stop trying to
improve.

936
00:58:07,280 --> 00:58:11,040
On their situation always do
better.

937
00:58:11,840 --> 00:58:15,120
And so I I think, I think if
there's one thing we can say for

938
00:58:15,120 --> 00:58:18,760
Mormonism, we're always going,
what can we do to make it just a

939
00:58:18,760 --> 00:58:21,800
little bit better, right?
What can I do to extract a

940
00:58:21,800 --> 00:58:23,800
little more meaning out of my
scripture study?

941
00:58:23,800 --> 00:58:26,640
What can I do to extract a
little more?

942
00:58:28,090 --> 00:58:33,250
Personal connection with the
Savior and and I and so I think

943
00:58:33,250 --> 00:58:36,450
I think that carried over when
the Saints got out West.

944
00:58:36,450 --> 00:58:38,610
It's just my theory.
I have nothing to back this up.

945
00:58:39,290 --> 00:58:42,490
But I think I think that that
was one of the things that drove

946
00:58:42,730 --> 00:58:46,810
the Saints was the fact that
they weren't thinking about

947
00:58:46,890 --> 00:58:48,130
okay.
We got our crops in.

948
00:58:48,130 --> 00:58:49,970
We got an Adobe house up.
We're good.

949
00:58:50,290 --> 00:58:52,130
No, no, no, no.
We're we're striving for

950
00:58:52,130 --> 00:58:54,490
something different a little bit
more a little bit more.

951
00:58:54,810 --> 00:58:56,490
And I think that probably is
what.

952
00:58:57,110 --> 00:59:02,190
What helped them become, you
know, what it has become was was

953
00:59:02,190 --> 00:59:05,390
that desire for more?
Yeah, absolutely.

954
00:59:05,990 --> 00:59:10,710
And so, yeah, I I think that
that's definitely, definitely

955
00:59:10,710 --> 00:59:13,070
huge is just that desire for
more.

956
00:59:13,070 --> 00:59:16,030
And I think if you can keep
that, I think and I think we're

957
00:59:16,030 --> 00:59:18,910
seeing a case in that right now.
So it's amazing.

958
00:59:19,270 --> 00:59:21,350
It's just so amazing.
Like you come out to the desert,

959
00:59:21,350 --> 00:59:25,790
the barren desert, salty desert
on top of that, and then a

960
00:59:25,790 --> 00:59:29,050
couple years later, Brigham's
like, hey, we need to, we need

961
00:59:29,050 --> 00:59:31,330
to start working on a
university.

962
00:59:32,210 --> 00:59:35,170
Right out of the gate, right?
You need to start college

963
00:59:35,170 --> 00:59:38,890
educating people, you know.
So yeah, it's amazing.

964
00:59:39,370 --> 00:59:48,170
So, you know, 1818, early 1850,
they actually created by an act

965
00:59:48,170 --> 00:59:50,490
of the General Assembly.
They created the University of

966
00:59:50,490 --> 00:59:55,040
Deseret which is now the
University of Utah but it was

967
00:59:55,040 --> 01:00:02,680
the University of Deseret at
first so and Orson Spencer he

968
01:00:02,680 --> 01:00:08,520
was the the leader.
He was the sorry he was the the

969
01:00:08,520 --> 01:00:11,200
chancellor.
So the first, the first Board of

970
01:00:11,200 --> 01:00:15,560
Regents, they held their meeting
on the 13th of March 1850 and

971
01:00:15,560 --> 01:00:18,800
you know they didn't have
college campus like they do now

972
01:00:18,800 --> 01:00:23,520
but they just met in met in
homes and stuff and.

973
01:00:24,600 --> 01:00:27,480
The the Board of Regents, you
know, they weren't at first,

974
01:00:27,480 --> 01:00:29,160
they weren't really teaching
classes.

975
01:00:29,480 --> 01:00:34,840
But what their job as Regents of
the University of Deseret, their

976
01:00:34,840 --> 01:00:39,240
job was to, like, encourage
education generally among the

977
01:00:39,240 --> 01:00:45,520
Saints, and to see what they
could do to get books, either

978
01:00:45,880 --> 01:00:49,880
print them themselves or, you
know, have books shipped in so

979
01:00:49,880 --> 01:00:54,100
that we don't just end up being,
you know, farmers.

980
01:00:54,340 --> 01:00:57,220
That's it.
But we want to be we want to be

981
01:00:57,220 --> 01:01:00,140
farmers, but we also want to be
mathematicians and astronomers,

982
01:01:00,140 --> 01:01:03,460
and we want to speak many
languages and we want to know

983
01:01:03,460 --> 01:01:05,900
about history and geography.
And like the Doctor, the

984
01:01:05,900 --> 01:01:08,980
Covenant says, we want to learn
from every good book.

985
01:01:09,140 --> 01:01:11,060
Right.
And and this is something I

986
01:01:11,060 --> 01:01:16,380
think that I can't say it's been
lost to history, but it's

987
01:01:16,380 --> 01:01:19,500
something that's not emphasized
as much either is that when you

988
01:01:19,500 --> 01:01:22,180
look at the school, the profits.
They weren't just in there

989
01:01:22,180 --> 01:01:24,100
studying scriptures.
No way, right?

990
01:01:24,100 --> 01:01:27,180
They were in there talking about
things of their day, right?

991
01:01:27,180 --> 01:01:29,860
The politics of the day.
They were talking about

992
01:01:30,060 --> 01:01:33,980
different languages, studying
Hebrew, learning different

993
01:01:33,980 --> 01:01:36,900
customs, right.
And all these other things,

994
01:01:36,900 --> 01:01:41,020
which I think to a large degree
has been lost on Mormonism.

995
01:01:41,020 --> 01:01:44,380
Now I I don't think we have
those kind of things anymore,

996
01:01:44,740 --> 01:01:46,360
but I.
I think it's something that's

997
01:01:46,360 --> 01:01:49,240
absolutely worthwhile in looking
at bring them back.

998
01:01:49,240 --> 01:01:51,280
Yeah, bring them on more than
one occasion.

999
01:01:51,280 --> 01:01:55,800
I think, you know, said things
to the it's not a quote, but

1000
01:01:56,120 --> 01:02:00,320
said any elder could come up
here on a, you know, in a church

1001
01:02:00,320 --> 01:02:04,520
meeting and give us a lesson
about chemistry and be giving us

1002
01:02:04,520 --> 01:02:09,520
a lesson about the gospel
because we embrace Mormonism

1003
01:02:09,910 --> 01:02:15,270
claims all truth, every true
principle, whether in science or

1004
01:02:15,270 --> 01:02:18,270
art or history or religion, we
claim it.

1005
01:02:18,350 --> 01:02:20,030
It is ours that is part of our
religion.

1006
01:02:21,230 --> 01:02:24,550
And so this was, you know, right
in keeping with that to this

1007
01:02:24,550 --> 01:02:30,590
whole experiment.
So 1851, so just just a year

1008
01:02:30,590 --> 01:02:34,960
after the University of Deseret
is established, George de Watt

1009
01:02:35,240 --> 01:02:38,040
returns from his mission to
England.

1010
01:02:38,040 --> 01:02:41,760
He comes to Deseret and he
starts recording everything.

1011
01:02:42,440 --> 01:02:45,440
Sermons.
He starts writing and you know

1012
01:02:45,440 --> 01:02:47,440
those sermons that he records
there, they start getting

1013
01:02:47,440 --> 01:02:52,520
printed in the Deseret News.
Most that the majority of the

1014
01:02:52,520 --> 01:02:56,400
sermons that we have in the
Journal Discourses were recorded

1015
01:02:56,400 --> 01:02:58,360
by George de Watt.
In fact, he's the one that

1016
01:02:58,640 --> 01:03:03,080
publishes them as the Journal of
Discourses in the 1st place.

1017
01:03:03,660 --> 01:03:06,340
And if you read, well, let's
see, I didn't bring it with me.

1018
01:03:06,820 --> 01:03:09,300
Anyway, if you have a set of
journal discourses, a lot of

1019
01:03:09,300 --> 01:03:11,660
times it and maybe all the time,
I don't know.

1020
01:03:11,660 --> 01:03:14,180
But it'll have like, you know
who spoke and kind of their

1021
01:03:14,180 --> 01:03:17,540
topic and the date and the
location and it also say who

1022
01:03:17,540 --> 01:03:19,900
recorded it.
And more often than not, it's

1023
01:03:20,300 --> 01:03:22,980
recorded by George D Watt.
Really.

1024
01:03:23,060 --> 01:03:26,780
Yeah.
And so he becomes Brigham

1025
01:03:26,780 --> 01:03:30,780
Young's personal secretary.
He can write faster than anyone

1026
01:03:30,860 --> 01:03:43,800
and without missing anything.
And so 1852 Brigham Young.

1027
01:03:43,800 --> 01:03:49,120
This is in Journal Discourses
volume four, page 70.

1028
01:03:50,000 --> 01:03:55,920
He says Brother Spencer and this
Brother Spencer is Orson Spencer

1029
01:03:56,200 --> 01:03:58,320
who is the Chancellor of the
University of Deseret.

1030
01:03:59,810 --> 01:04:01,970
Brother Spencer has used
language quite beyond your

1031
01:04:01,970 --> 01:04:04,290
reach.
Well, I have the foundation and

1032
01:04:04,290 --> 01:04:06,650
he can make the building when he
commences the building.

1033
01:04:06,730 --> 01:04:09,650
I have asked the Board of
Regents of the University of

1034
01:04:09,650 --> 01:04:11,290
Deseret.
I've asked the Board of Regents

1035
01:04:11,290 --> 01:04:14,850
to cast out from their system of
education the present

1036
01:04:14,850 --> 01:04:18,170
orthography and written form of
our language, that when my

1037
01:04:18,170 --> 01:04:21,810
children are taught the graphic
sign for a, it may always

1038
01:04:21,810 --> 01:04:23,690
represent that individual sound
only.

1039
01:04:24,140 --> 01:04:27,260
But as it is now the child is
perplexed that the sign A should

1040
01:04:27,260 --> 01:04:30,940
have one sound in mate and a
second sound in father, and a

1041
01:04:30,940 --> 01:04:34,380
third sound in fall, and a
fourth sound in man, and a fifth

1042
01:04:34,380 --> 01:04:38,140
sound in many and in other
combinations sounding different

1043
01:04:38,140 --> 01:04:41,780
from these, while in others A is
not sounded at all.

1044
01:04:42,340 --> 01:04:45,260
I say let it have one sound all
the time.

1045
01:04:45,260 --> 01:04:48,540
And when P is introduced to a
word, let it not be silent as in

1046
01:04:50,130 --> 01:04:52,290
physic or sound like F in
physic.

1047
01:04:52,290 --> 01:04:56,410
And let the and let 2 not be
placed instead of 1 in apple.

1048
01:04:57,810 --> 01:05:02,330
So.
So this is, you know, this is

1049
01:05:02,370 --> 01:05:05,610
April, this is, this is, this is
general conference stuff, right?

1050
01:05:05,890 --> 01:05:09,810
He's like the way that we spell
things, that's part of the

1051
01:05:09,810 --> 01:05:11,330
gospel.
And I'm giving him a sermon on

1052
01:05:11,330 --> 01:05:15,250
it right here, right?
So everything, everything falls

1053
01:05:15,250 --> 01:05:17,570
under the purview of the gospel
of that umbrella.

1054
01:05:18,520 --> 01:05:27,840
So okay 1853, they make a
committee Farley P Pratt, Heber

1055
01:05:27,840 --> 01:05:33,320
C Kimball and George WY
committee on you coming up with

1056
01:05:33,320 --> 01:05:36,160
spelling reform.
But they don't do much until the

1057
01:05:36,160 --> 01:05:42,280
following.
Well, so yeah, that was 18.

1058
01:05:44,080 --> 01:05:49,640
So, yeah, October 27th, so, so
November at 1853, they can get a

1059
01:05:49,640 --> 01:05:52,200
committee together.
Daniel Wells is there, he says

1060
01:05:52,920 --> 01:05:54,480
and their their job is to come
up with that.

1061
01:05:54,560 --> 01:05:57,960
What are we going to do to
standardize the orthography?

1062
01:05:58,280 --> 01:06:00,920
Sure, he says.
How about phonetic shorthand?

1063
01:06:00,920 --> 01:06:07,080
Like Pitman and Ezra T Benson
says, how about we just stick

1064
01:06:07,080 --> 01:06:12,290
with the old alphabet and he
will.

1065
01:06:12,490 --> 01:06:14,970
Wilfred Woodruff says no.
Let's use a phonetic alphabet

1066
01:06:16,010 --> 01:06:19,450
and parley proof, Pratt says.
How about we use Pittman's

1067
01:06:19,650 --> 01:06:20,810
alphabet?
OK.

1068
01:06:23,570 --> 01:06:26,690
And it's interesting.
The notes, like the minutes from

1069
01:06:26,690 --> 01:06:31,890
this meeting, show that Parley
Pratt's suggestion kind of wins

1070
01:06:31,890 --> 01:06:37,570
out because George D Watt, who's
taking notes, he switches after

1071
01:06:37,610 --> 01:06:41,050
he switches to Pitman Alphabet.
Right.

1072
01:06:41,050 --> 01:06:44,530
Then like mid, like mid meeting
just like OK, this is what we're

1073
01:06:44,530 --> 01:06:47,650
doing, let's try it, let's
experiment with this.

1074
01:06:47,650 --> 01:06:54,570
So, so that's the 18th of
November.

1075
01:06:54,570 --> 01:06:58,770
So 23rd of November they
officially decide to adopt

1076
01:06:58,770 --> 01:07:04,060
Pittman. 26th of November, the
Board of Regents, they they meet

1077
01:07:04,060 --> 01:07:06,700
together and they Start learning
the alphabet like practicing

1078
01:07:06,700 --> 01:07:08,100
together.
You know they have their slates

1079
01:07:08,100 --> 01:07:12,860
whatever and they're practicing
so that they can know about this

1080
01:07:12,860 --> 01:07:15,020
alphabet and get a little
experience so they can pass

1081
01:07:15,020 --> 01:07:18,220
along to others.
But in on the 29th of November

1082
01:07:18,780 --> 01:07:20,420
there's something that they had
not planned.

1083
01:07:21,220 --> 01:07:23,700
That is Willard Richards.
He attends that he had not been

1084
01:07:23,700 --> 01:07:27,180
attending the meetings and but
he comes and they have the

1085
01:07:27,180 --> 01:07:35,610
Pitman alphabet up there and and
which Pitman alphabet was not

1086
01:07:35,610 --> 01:07:41,330
entirely the same as the Latin
alphabet, the English alphabet

1087
01:07:41,330 --> 01:07:43,850
but it was had a lot of things
in common.

1088
01:07:44,610 --> 01:07:47,450
So but Willie Richards is having
none of it.

1089
01:07:47,450 --> 01:07:50,650
He says we want a new kind of
alphabet differing from the

1090
01:07:50,650 --> 01:07:52,450
compound mess of stuff up on
that sheet.

1091
01:07:52,450 --> 01:07:54,730
Those characters may be employed
in improving the English

1092
01:07:54,730 --> 01:07:58,580
orthography, though at the same
time, it is, as I have sometimes

1093
01:07:58,580 --> 01:08:02,380
said, it seems like putting new
wine into old bottles like we

1094
01:08:02,380 --> 01:08:07,220
want we want a new alphabet to
for this experiment and we don't

1095
01:08:07,220 --> 01:08:09,180
want it to look like that old
stuff.

1096
01:08:09,180 --> 01:08:13,900
And actually some some other
efforts at spelling reform have

1097
01:08:13,900 --> 01:08:16,340
kind of felt the same way,
because you can kind of

1098
01:08:16,340 --> 01:08:20,460
standardize spelling using the
same letters, but then it just

1099
01:08:20,460 --> 01:08:22,420
looks like it's misspelled,
right?

1100
01:08:23,060 --> 01:08:25,180
So.
So that's kind of an argument

1101
01:08:25,180 --> 01:08:26,859
for.
Let's just get new letters

1102
01:08:26,859 --> 01:08:30,180
altogether.
So just is totally new, rather

1103
01:08:30,180 --> 01:08:33,340
than trying to make
standardization fit with the old

1104
01:08:33,340 --> 01:08:36,620
alphabet.
So any any, any evidence to

1105
01:08:36,620 --> 01:08:44,340
suggest that Brigham told
blanking on his name?

1106
01:08:44,340 --> 01:08:46,779
Here, Willard, thank you.
Told Willard.

1107
01:08:46,779 --> 01:08:49,380
Hey, I think they're barking up
the wrong tree.

1108
01:08:50,029 --> 01:08:53,870
Go, go fix this.
Not that I not that I know of.

1109
01:08:54,189 --> 01:08:57,270
Brigham was at this meeting okay
he was, yes.

1110
01:08:57,550 --> 01:09:03,830
And I think, I think my my sense
is that Brigham was was on board

1111
01:09:04,029 --> 01:09:06,390
with the the phenotype, the
Pitman phenotype.

1112
01:09:06,390 --> 01:09:09,550
In fact, I mean he had, he had
written that letter to George

1113
01:09:09,550 --> 01:09:13,630
Watt in 1847 saying bring us
back 200 pounds of phenotype,

1114
01:09:14,750 --> 01:09:17,189
Pitman phenotype.
So I think he was on board with

1115
01:09:17,189 --> 01:09:19,700
that.
But Willard Richards, you know,

1116
01:09:19,700 --> 01:09:23,500
just spoke convincingly and kind
of convinced everyone that we,

1117
01:09:24,700 --> 01:09:28,100
we want to be even more radical
than that.

1118
01:09:28,100 --> 01:09:33,540
We want to be totally new.
And so, so they decided so.

1119
01:09:33,899 --> 01:09:37,140
So that was in November and
January of 1854.

1120
01:09:37,140 --> 01:09:42,140
The Deseret News announces that
the Board of Regents, in company

1121
01:09:42,140 --> 01:09:45,220
with the governor and heads of
departments, have adopted a new

1122
01:09:45,220 --> 01:09:47,859
alphabet consisting of 38
characters.

1123
01:09:50,220 --> 01:09:54,220
So now the the Desert News
didn't have any type for it, so

1124
01:09:54,220 --> 01:09:55,700
they couldn't.
They just made the announcement.

1125
01:09:55,700 --> 01:09:57,900
But they didn't, they couldn't
like print any samples or

1126
01:09:57,900 --> 01:10:01,780
whatever.
But later on that year, they

1127
01:10:01,780 --> 01:10:06,180
made some wood cuttings and, you
know, and printed some little

1128
01:10:06,180 --> 01:10:10,180
cards and stuff that they would
hand out that showed the Deseret

1129
01:10:10,180 --> 01:10:12,100
alphabet.
And so here's some, you know,

1130
01:10:12,100 --> 01:10:15,220
samples there.
This on the left.

1131
01:10:15,820 --> 01:10:20,810
This is Jose Stouts journal Okay
and he he was there at the

1132
01:10:20,810 --> 01:10:26,010
meeting of the Regents and and
he copied he copied them down.

1133
01:10:26,010 --> 01:10:31,170
This matches kind of the the
woodcut versions there.

1134
01:10:31,370 --> 01:10:34,770
Let me ask you this real quick.
How is it received by the

1135
01:10:34,770 --> 01:10:38,770
general membership and Utah
during that time?

1136
01:10:38,810 --> 01:10:43,850
Yeah, I mean, at first I'm sure
it was just a sensation, you

1137
01:10:43,850 --> 01:10:50,240
know, Right.
But eventually the eventually

1138
01:10:50,240 --> 01:10:52,240
the the charm wore off.
Okay.

1139
01:10:53,040 --> 01:10:55,680
Yeah.
Which is why, why no one knows

1140
01:10:55,680 --> 01:10:57,080
about the desert outfit or not
no one.

1141
01:10:57,080 --> 01:11:01,920
But it's relatively unknown.
The charm wore off pretty

1142
01:11:01,920 --> 01:11:05,920
quickly.
So part of it, part of it was

1143
01:11:05,920 --> 01:11:10,320
that they may be, they may have
jumped the gun a little bit.

1144
01:11:10,640 --> 01:11:13,440
They announced this and they put
these things out.

1145
01:11:13,440 --> 01:11:17,310
But then the Board of Regents
kept fiddling with it and they

1146
01:11:17,310 --> 01:11:21,150
went, you know, here's some like
different versions.

1147
01:11:22,470 --> 01:11:25,550
And they had different versions
that came out there was anywhere

1148
01:11:25,550 --> 01:11:29,590
from like 33 to 41 characters.
Because they're like, Oh no, we

1149
01:11:29,590 --> 01:11:33,190
really need a letter for this.
No, no, no, let's get rid of

1150
01:11:33,190 --> 01:11:34,430
that.
We can just, you know, use a

1151
01:11:34,430 --> 01:11:36,950
combination of letters to make
that sound and we'll just, you

1152
01:11:36,950 --> 01:11:38,190
know, make it consistent or
whatever.

1153
01:11:38,190 --> 01:11:39,670
And they, they just kept
fiddling with it.

1154
01:11:43,270 --> 01:11:46,530
And, you know, by this time
they, they still didn't have any

1155
01:11:46,530 --> 01:11:49,410
type, but, you know, but in
1855, there were, there were

1156
01:11:49,410 --> 01:11:51,530
people who felt like it was
serious.

1157
01:11:51,570 --> 01:11:56,250
So here's one of them, John T
Morris of Cedar City.

1158
01:11:57,130 --> 01:12:02,170
You know, he died in 1855 and he
had his tombstone, you know,

1159
01:12:02,410 --> 01:12:06,650
wow.
In memory of John T Morris, born

1160
01:12:06,690 --> 01:12:12,890
February 14th, 1828.
So this this gravestone

1161
01:12:12,890 --> 01:12:17,300
actually, you know, that was in
1855, so it actually decayed

1162
01:12:17,300 --> 01:12:18,460
away.
I don't know exactly what

1163
01:12:18,460 --> 01:12:21,420
happened to it, but they act.
His family replaced it with

1164
01:12:21,420 --> 01:12:24,220
granite stone, so that's the
next.

1165
01:12:24,220 --> 01:12:27,380
I'll be darned.
And then just gave the the the

1166
01:12:27,540 --> 01:12:30,860
interpretation underneath like,
yes, okay, that's right.

1167
01:12:31,300 --> 01:12:32,540
So.
So that's kind of cool.

1168
01:12:32,820 --> 01:12:35,500
It's actually I just found out
while I was reaching for this

1169
01:12:35,500 --> 01:12:37,940
there's there's a desert
alphabet tombstone in Pleasant

1170
01:12:37,940 --> 01:12:39,260
Grove.
Oh really?

1171
01:12:39,460 --> 01:12:48,460
2013 looks like November 18th
2013 so and actually when I die,

1172
01:12:48,460 --> 01:12:51,540
if you outlive me my I plan to
have desert alphabet on my

1173
01:12:51,540 --> 01:12:54,020
tombstone too so you can come
throw some flowers on my.

1174
01:12:54,900 --> 01:12:56,260
Nice.
Nice.

1175
01:12:56,540 --> 01:12:57,220
Enjoy that.
Well.

1176
01:12:57,220 --> 01:13:01,380
I hope it's not for a long time,
but yeah, K So that was

1177
01:13:01,380 --> 01:13:06,540
18551856.
There was a committee put

1178
01:13:06,540 --> 01:13:09,860
together, George Watt, Wilfred
Woodruff, and Samuel Richards

1179
01:13:09,860 --> 01:13:13,500
specifically to come up with
manuscripts for children's

1180
01:13:13,500 --> 01:13:14,560
books.
Gotcha.

1181
01:13:14,720 --> 01:13:16,000
Because we need to.
We need to.

1182
01:13:18,840 --> 01:13:22,560
Yes, foreigners are a thing and
adults who already know how to

1183
01:13:22,560 --> 01:13:25,600
read and write, it's like, but
we're we're interested in.

1184
01:13:25,640 --> 01:13:26,720
We're interested in the
children.

1185
01:13:26,720 --> 01:13:30,640
We want that generation to to
have this advantage.

1186
01:13:30,640 --> 01:13:34,360
We want them to be able to learn
how to read and write and and

1187
01:13:34,360 --> 01:13:37,480
learn how to and know how to
spell and read everything.

1188
01:13:37,960 --> 01:13:43,230
Two weeks instead of 5-6 years.
I don't know how long it takes

1189
01:13:43,230 --> 01:13:49,150
for, you know, for, yeah,
Americans or Englishmen to get a

1190
01:13:50,110 --> 01:13:52,870
grasp enough where you can like
read a newspaper, right?

1191
01:13:52,910 --> 01:13:54,710
It's not just it doesn't.
It takes no.

1192
01:13:54,710 --> 01:13:57,030
It takes years, right?
I'm sitting here thinking about

1193
01:13:57,030 --> 01:13:59,430
it.
Yeah, and that's because of the

1194
01:13:59,990 --> 01:14:01,870
the absurdities in our
orthography.

1195
01:14:01,870 --> 01:14:09,670
But so we want to teach the
children and unfortunately we

1196
01:14:09,670 --> 01:14:13,570
don't have that that they they
worked up some manuscripts, but

1197
01:14:13,570 --> 01:14:17,850
we don't have those because
something else is coming up

1198
01:14:18,210 --> 01:14:24,570
historically in 1857.
Johnson's army, the Utah war.

1199
01:14:24,570 --> 01:14:28,090
Yeah, Buchanan's blunder.
Johnson's army is comes into

1200
01:14:28,090 --> 01:14:32,890
Utah, occupies you know they
work out of peace settlement,

1201
01:14:33,010 --> 01:14:36,850
peace treaty.
But part of the preparations for

1202
01:14:36,850 --> 01:14:43,040
the invading army was to take
all of the records of the church

1203
01:14:43,080 --> 01:14:45,080
in Salt Lake and take him down
to Fillmore.

1204
01:14:46,560 --> 01:14:51,800
And among among those records
were these manuscripts and and

1205
01:14:51,800 --> 01:14:53,520
they get lost somewhere along
the way.

1206
01:14:54,360 --> 01:14:59,400
So we don't have them but and so
the committee, you know, when

1207
01:14:59,680 --> 01:15:02,200
things settled down, the
committee's like, hey, we don't,

1208
01:15:02,200 --> 01:15:07,520
I don't have them anymore.
And so Brigham said to Wilfred

1209
01:15:07,520 --> 01:15:11,100
Woodruff, take hold of George
Watt and get up some more like,

1210
01:15:11,180 --> 01:15:14,540
right, do it again.
So we don't have those, those

1211
01:15:14,540 --> 01:15:17,540
original ones.
We know they they they come

1212
01:15:17,580 --> 01:15:19,940
about kind of exciting stuff
like pioneers, the more

1213
01:15:19,980 --> 01:15:23,020
battalion, you know, Salt Lake
Valley, the Deseret Territory,

1214
01:15:23,020 --> 01:15:24,900
grizzly bears and Buffalo bull
fights.

1215
01:15:24,900 --> 01:15:28,620
We know that they talk like they
have the readers talk about

1216
01:15:28,620 --> 01:15:31,660
these different topics, The
readers that they came up with

1217
01:15:32,380 --> 01:15:36,610
later, which is, you know, I
showed you kind of earlier, A

1218
01:15:36,610 --> 01:15:40,890
lot of the, the things in here
are just kind of a little more

1219
01:15:41,730 --> 01:15:45,130
bland, right?
Some of them are interesting,

1220
01:15:45,130 --> 01:15:50,170
but anyway, it's kind of a shame
that we lost those things.

1221
01:15:50,170 --> 01:16:00,770
But OK, but so 185758 Utah War
1859, though we actually get

1222
01:16:00,770 --> 01:16:03,970
some type.
OK, it's.

1223
01:16:03,970 --> 01:16:09,390
And we actually tried earlier,
the Saints had tried to make

1224
01:16:09,390 --> 01:16:12,110
their own type, but we just, it
kind of failed.

1225
01:16:12,110 --> 01:16:13,430
It didn't it didn't turn out
well.

1226
01:16:13,430 --> 01:16:16,950
We didn't have the equipment.
So they ordered some back east

1227
01:16:16,950 --> 01:16:22,710
and it came and the Deseret News
starts printing articles with

1228
01:16:22,750 --> 01:16:24,110
the new alphabet.
So there it is.

1229
01:16:24,470 --> 01:16:28,830
And excuse me, what they did is
they they basically print like

1230
01:16:28,830 --> 01:16:31,430
passages of scripture.
So this is a section from

1231
01:16:31,430 --> 01:16:34,510
Matthew 5.
So this is Sermon on the Mount

1232
01:16:34,510 --> 01:16:38,680
stuff.
And so that was kind of

1233
01:16:38,680 --> 01:16:42,280
exciting.
Did they ever do a full set of

1234
01:16:42,280 --> 01:16:45,880
Scriptures in the desert album?
Sort of.

1235
01:16:46,240 --> 01:16:48,520
I'll get well, I'll get to that
very shortly.

1236
01:16:48,560 --> 01:16:54,640
OK, shelf that 1860.
A lot of things, like things

1237
01:16:54,640 --> 01:16:58,440
were going full speed here.
So the church clerks and even

1238
01:16:58,440 --> 01:17:02,360
like ward clerks were keeping
records in the desert alphabet

1239
01:17:03,040 --> 01:17:06,800
and gold coins.
This is a $5 gold piece stamp.

1240
01:17:07,920 --> 01:17:13,040
So 1860 says around it holiness
to the Lord, Okay on the on the

1241
01:17:13,040 --> 01:17:14,200
side of the line.
On the other side.

1242
01:17:14,200 --> 01:17:16,040
It's just, you know, standard
orthography.

1243
01:17:16,160 --> 01:17:22,720
But it says, yeah, let's say
Deseret Assay of Can't get very

1244
01:17:24,600 --> 01:17:27,240
well office.
Deseret Assay Office Pure gold.

1245
01:17:27,640 --> 01:17:33,840
Okay.
So yeah, people are keeping

1246
01:17:33,840 --> 01:17:36,000
their journals in it.
There's very interesting things

1247
01:17:36,000 --> 01:17:39,880
that come out of a lot of this
because because the desert

1248
01:17:39,880 --> 01:17:45,280
alphabet is phonetic, then
without special training, people

1249
01:17:45,280 --> 01:17:48,840
just write the way they speak.
So if we have people's journals

1250
01:17:48,840 --> 01:17:50,840
and letters and stuff, that
actually kind of gives us a

1251
01:17:51,120 --> 01:17:56,360
little window on what sort of
accents or dialects our pioneer

1252
01:17:56,360 --> 01:17:59,380
ancestors had.
Yeah, and it's interesting

1253
01:17:59,380 --> 01:18:03,940
actually, they uniformly
everyone including, you know, on

1254
01:18:04,260 --> 01:18:07,820
on these, these readers.
Here, right, let me show you the

1255
01:18:07,820 --> 01:18:12,660
and this is the first one.
This is the the second one.

1256
01:18:13,220 --> 01:18:21,420
But now you know we we all we
all now say Deseret, but they

1257
01:18:21,420 --> 01:18:24,460
wrote it.
Desi red, desi red.

1258
01:18:24,900 --> 01:18:29,860
Territory of Desi Red anyway, so
we get a window on kind of how

1259
01:18:29,860 --> 01:18:33,660
they talked.
Yeah, they're dialects and their

1260
01:18:33,900 --> 01:18:36,540
accents even, right?
And is another interesting thing

1261
01:18:36,540 --> 01:18:40,460
is that I'll call it the
desperate alphabet from now on.

1262
01:18:40,780 --> 01:18:46,980
The Desperate Alphabet was used
to preserve some Hopi language

1263
01:18:47,100 --> 01:18:47,900
as well.
Really.

1264
01:18:47,900 --> 01:18:53,220
Because we sent missionaries
Marian Shelton and fails Haskell

1265
01:18:53,860 --> 01:19:01,200
to that fails hassle to the Hopi
and they recorded Hopi words

1266
01:19:01,600 --> 01:19:06,520
with the desperate alphabet so
that so we can read it now and

1267
01:19:06,520 --> 01:19:09,560
know like what the Hopi sounded
like back then too Wow.

1268
01:19:09,840 --> 01:19:13,000
Which is cool.
Another cool thing about this is

1269
01:19:13,000 --> 01:19:16,960
that they did do the Book of
Mormon Okay and there there are

1270
01:19:16,960 --> 01:19:21,560
a lot of Book of Mormon words
that are in the Bible too right.

1271
01:19:21,560 --> 01:19:25,070
Jesus and Jerusalem and, yeah,
stuff like that.

1272
01:19:25,070 --> 01:19:28,390
But there's also words that are
new to the Book of Mormon,

1273
01:19:28,590 --> 01:19:32,110
right?
And Shiblan Zenus and stuff.

1274
01:19:32,710 --> 01:19:36,230
And, you know, the LDS church
came up with a pronunciation

1275
01:19:36,230 --> 01:19:39,070
guide, and it's in the back of
the scriptures, But that

1276
01:19:39,070 --> 01:19:43,830
pronunciation guide was entirely
arbitrary, OK?

1277
01:19:43,950 --> 01:19:46,430
And they just came up with these
rules of how to pronounce Book

1278
01:19:46,430 --> 01:19:50,910
of Mormon words just for the
sake of uniformity, not for the

1279
01:19:50,910 --> 01:19:52,950
sake of any sort of.
Actors.

1280
01:19:54,030 --> 01:20:00,390
But we can get kind of a window
again on how the early Saints,

1281
01:20:00,390 --> 01:20:04,390
not not necessarily Joseph Smith
necessarily, but you know his

1282
01:20:04,390 --> 01:20:08,630
contemporaries, how they spoke.
Book of Mormon names because

1283
01:20:08,910 --> 01:20:10,710
they're recording the best red
alphabet.

1284
01:20:10,950 --> 01:20:12,790
Yeah.
So there's a lot of kind of cool

1285
01:20:12,790 --> 01:20:16,270
things that that come from that
from those recordings.

1286
01:20:19,960 --> 01:20:25,520
So despite all this kind of
activity, the except the charm

1287
01:20:25,520 --> 01:20:29,600
kind of wore off and the
enthusiasm was just waning

1288
01:20:29,840 --> 01:20:35,640
really quickly because all the
adults already knew how.

1289
01:20:35,640 --> 01:20:38,840
I mean, not all the adults,
there's foreigners, but everyone

1290
01:20:38,840 --> 01:20:42,920
who spoke English already was
not really that interested, you

1291
01:20:42,920 --> 01:20:44,720
know?
Let me ask you this.

1292
01:20:44,720 --> 01:20:46,240
How much?
How much?

1293
01:20:47,040 --> 01:20:50,640
Of that waning also had to do
with, because if I'm not

1294
01:20:50,640 --> 01:20:55,360
mistaken, this is about the time
now that you start seeing some

1295
01:20:55,840 --> 01:20:59,920
as as Brigham would call them,
Gentiles coming to the Salt Lake

1296
01:20:59,920 --> 01:21:03,960
Valley, right, Mining,
railroads, those sorts of things

1297
01:21:03,960 --> 01:21:08,800
are are they finding that this
alphabet is now posing maybe a

1298
01:21:08,800 --> 01:21:11,920
little bit of a barrier?
No doubt that was part of it as

1299
01:21:11,920 --> 01:21:12,640
well.
OK.

1300
01:21:13,080 --> 01:21:17,250
It was kind of a little, a
little late maybe.

1301
01:21:17,490 --> 01:21:21,050
Like if they maybe if they had
done it a couple of decades

1302
01:21:21,090 --> 01:21:23,490
earlier, right.
We were getting into 1860.

1303
01:21:23,490 --> 01:21:27,010
If they've done it in, if
they've done it in 1850 before

1304
01:21:27,010 --> 01:21:30,690
Johnson's Army came out, you
know, maybe.

1305
01:21:30,890 --> 01:21:33,330
Yeah, that's interesting, an
interesting thought.

1306
01:21:34,330 --> 01:21:37,970
But they don't.
And even though there's all this

1307
01:21:37,970 --> 01:21:42,890
flurry of activity in 18601862,
Robert Campbell, he's the

1308
01:21:42,890 --> 01:21:48,670
Superintendent of the common
schools, He and I I don't know

1309
01:21:48,670 --> 01:21:49,470
if I can't.
I can't.

1310
01:21:49,510 --> 01:21:52,390
I can't imagine that he had much
confidence in this.

1311
01:21:52,910 --> 01:21:57,550
But anyway, he he brings a
manuscript to Brigham Young for

1312
01:21:57,550 --> 01:22:01,990
a children's reader, written
with the standard orthography

1313
01:22:02,230 --> 01:22:04,990
gotcha.
He's kind of like, hey, you

1314
01:22:04,990 --> 01:22:06,230
know, this desert alphabet
thing.

1315
01:22:06,230 --> 01:22:10,390
It's not really working out, but
I have, I have here a

1316
01:22:10,390 --> 01:22:11,870
manuscript.
You know it's written in

1317
01:22:11,870 --> 01:22:14,770
standard orthography.
How do we give it a try, right?

1318
01:22:14,930 --> 01:22:18,890
And yeah, Brigham's response was
emphatic.

1319
01:22:19,170 --> 01:22:26,610
He said that he said I will not
consent to have my type ink or

1320
01:22:26,610 --> 01:22:33,490
paper used to print such.
Trash he he so, so he he was you

1321
01:22:33,490 --> 01:22:35,850
know didn't have strong feelings
at all for it about it then

1322
01:22:36,330 --> 01:22:37,690
right.
He has very strong feelings

1323
01:22:37,690 --> 01:22:44,460
about very few things.
It's just kind of, yeah, no, so.

1324
01:22:44,900 --> 01:22:46,620
Well, he doesn't look like a
happy fella.

1325
01:22:48,900 --> 01:22:56,740
No one did back then.
But so, so obviously that

1326
01:22:56,740 --> 01:23:02,940
doesn't happen 1864, you know,
they're kind of and Brigham

1327
01:23:02,940 --> 01:23:09,780
says, you know if if I had, if
my influence was sufficient and

1328
01:23:09,780 --> 01:23:12,940
it was up to me, I would
completely drop the old system

1329
01:23:13,380 --> 01:23:17,660
like just stop like throw all
just cold Turkey, throw all that

1330
01:23:17,660 --> 01:23:21,060
type away.
And just do not just because

1331
01:23:21,060 --> 01:23:24,460
like those desert news articles
like it was just, you know, it

1332
01:23:24,460 --> 01:23:26,740
was a 20 page newspaper and
there's just a little like a

1333
01:23:26,740 --> 01:23:30,020
column in the desert.
So.

1334
01:23:31,300 --> 01:23:34,420
So they're wondering what to do
1864, the Regents get back

1335
01:23:34,420 --> 01:23:38,180
together and they decide maybe
we should go back to Pitt.

1336
01:23:39,090 --> 01:23:42,650
You know, the idea.
Pittman, you know, has already

1337
01:23:42,650 --> 01:23:45,330
printed a bunch of books.
So we we can kind of gain the

1338
01:23:45,330 --> 01:23:47,290
advantage of everything that's
been printed.

1339
01:23:47,290 --> 01:23:48,090
They can.
Get typed.

1340
01:23:48,210 --> 01:23:50,730
Probably a heck of a lot easier,
yes.

1341
01:23:51,770 --> 01:23:55,610
But instead what they ultimately
end up doing is like

1342
01:23:55,690 --> 01:23:59,610
recommitting themselves to the
desert alphabet so the desert

1343
01:23:59,610 --> 01:24:01,330
news starts printing articles
again.

1344
01:24:03,650 --> 01:24:07,110
And partly they decided maybe
it's because the type that we

1345
01:24:07,230 --> 01:24:10,110
got was kind of ugly and that's
an impediment.

1346
01:24:10,110 --> 01:24:16,110
So, so Brigham Young 1860, so
this is 1868 now.

1347
01:24:20,230 --> 01:24:22,710
So yeah, so 1864 they they
decided we're going to, we're

1348
01:24:22,710 --> 01:24:24,190
going to, we're going to keep
going, we're going to try to

1349
01:24:24,190 --> 01:24:26,630
print our own books, we're going
to get new type and all that.

1350
01:24:26,630 --> 01:24:30,590
So by the time 1868 comes, they
have gotten the new type and

1351
01:24:30,590 --> 01:24:34,390
they've actually printed the
books or they started printing

1352
01:24:34,390 --> 01:24:36,920
them.
So you know, here's again, this

1353
01:24:36,920 --> 01:24:41,840
is from the in the October
conference, Few items I wish to

1354
01:24:41,840 --> 01:24:44,480
lay before the conference before
we dismiss, which I think we

1355
01:24:44,480 --> 01:24:47,600
shall do when we get through our
meeting this afternoon.

1356
01:24:47,600 --> 01:24:51,400
One of those items is to present
to the congregation that gets

1357
01:24:51,400 --> 01:24:51,960
right.
After that.

1358
01:24:52,440 --> 01:24:56,360
We have now many thousands of
small books called the 1st and

1359
01:24:56,360 --> 01:25:00,330
2nd Readers, adapted to school
purposes on the way to this

1360
01:25:00,330 --> 01:25:03,290
city, so they're in route.
As soon as they arrive, we shall

1361
01:25:03,290 --> 01:25:04,810
distribute them throughout the
territory.

1362
01:25:04,850 --> 01:25:07,690
We wish to introduce this
alphabet into our schools.

1363
01:25:07,770 --> 01:25:10,930
Consequently we give this public
notice.

1364
01:25:11,210 --> 01:25:13,290
We have been contemplating this
for years.

1365
01:25:13,330 --> 01:25:16,450
I'm sure he was so happy to
finally have accomplished

1366
01:25:16,450 --> 01:25:18,970
something.
The advantages of this alphabet

1367
01:25:18,970 --> 01:25:22,010
will soon be realized,
especially by foreigners.

1368
01:25:22,450 --> 01:25:25,090
Brethren who come here knowing
nothing of the English language

1369
01:25:25,090 --> 01:25:27,810
will find its acquisition
greatly facilitated by means of

1370
01:25:27,810 --> 01:25:31,410
this alphabet by which all the
sounds of language can be

1371
01:25:31,410 --> 01:25:33,690
represented and expressed with
the greatest ease.

1372
01:25:34,210 --> 01:25:36,610
As this is the grand difficulty
foreigners experience in

1373
01:25:36,610 --> 01:25:39,730
learning the English language,
they will find a knowledge of

1374
01:25:39,730 --> 01:25:42,330
this alphabet will greatly
facilitate their efforts in

1375
01:25:42,330 --> 01:25:44,650
acquiring at least a partial
English education.

1376
01:25:45,850 --> 01:25:48,370
They will also be very
advantageous to our children.

1377
01:25:48,370 --> 01:25:51,770
It will be the means of
introducing uniformity in our

1378
01:25:51,770 --> 01:25:55,490
orthography and the years that
are now required to learn to

1379
01:25:55,490 --> 01:25:58,490
read and spell can be devoted to
other studies.

1380
01:25:59,580 --> 01:26:03,940
So so that was the that was the
the whole idea the main idea

1381
01:26:03,940 --> 01:26:07,860
anyway now some of the at this
time like some of the newspapers

1382
01:26:07,860 --> 01:26:11,140
back east they were and this is
goes with the Gentile influence.

1383
01:26:11,380 --> 01:26:13,940
Like there's reports about the
Mormons are coming up with this

1384
01:26:14,380 --> 01:26:17,700
new alphabet to seek and they
say it's a secret code.

1385
01:26:17,700 --> 01:26:22,340
It's a code to keep Mormon
secrets, you know, or to to

1386
01:26:22,340 --> 01:26:27,310
prevent Mormon youth from
getting hold of the Gentile

1387
01:26:27,310 --> 01:26:28,590
material.
They don't want them to

1388
01:26:28,590 --> 01:26:30,230
understand that.
They don't want us to understand

1389
01:26:30,230 --> 01:26:33,390
their stuff.
But anyone who's looked at

1390
01:26:33,470 --> 01:26:37,470
anything that anything that was
ever printed, like they

1391
01:26:38,150 --> 01:26:42,150
everything always has a key in
the front shows how to read it.

1392
01:26:42,750 --> 01:26:46,470
So incredibly inept secret
keepers, right?

1393
01:26:49,270 --> 01:26:54,000
So that wasn't it.
It was just really to right

1394
01:26:54,000 --> 01:26:59,040
improve the language.
So here's the SO I have it here,

1395
01:26:59,040 --> 01:27:04,040
but it was on the slide.
Here's the the first the first

1396
01:27:04,160 --> 01:27:06,400
reader.
That's so cool.

1397
01:27:06,840 --> 01:27:09,240
It's very cool.
And the second one.

1398
01:27:10,240 --> 01:27:14,240
So they printed 10,000 copies of
each of these, the 1st.

1399
01:27:14,240 --> 01:27:16,440
And that's not a small
undertaking back in the day.

1400
01:27:16,560 --> 01:27:18,920
That's enormous.
That's a huge undertaking and it

1401
01:27:18,920 --> 01:27:22,710
cost them a fortune.
I would think it was, you know,

1402
01:27:22,710 --> 01:27:24,910
it was like it was, it was
$10,000 or something, right,

1403
01:27:25,070 --> 01:27:32,190
Which is interesting.
This is just kind of a side

1404
01:27:32,190 --> 01:27:36,910
note, but on the cover there and
you can see it there, there's a,

1405
01:27:37,310 --> 01:27:39,110
there's a picture of Salt Lake
Temple.

1406
01:27:39,430 --> 01:27:52,300
Now this was printed in 1868,
but the Salt Lake Temple was

1407
01:27:52,660 --> 01:27:58,420
dedicated in 1893.
So like you know, almost 30

1408
01:27:58,420 --> 01:28:01,660
years later, not years later.
So that was and it was which was

1409
01:28:01,660 --> 01:28:04,820
40 years to the day when the
cornerstone was laid.

1410
01:28:05,260 --> 01:28:09,340
So interesting is if you look at
the if you look close up at the

1411
01:28:09,500 --> 01:28:11,740
picture which I have zoomed in
here you can see.

1412
01:28:11,740 --> 01:28:16,060
That Angel Morona resembles more
of the one that was on the Navu.

1413
01:28:16,180 --> 01:28:18,580
And it is yeah, it was going to
be horizontal.

1414
01:28:19,370 --> 01:28:21,810
I saw another Angel flying
through the midst of heaven like

1415
01:28:21,810 --> 01:28:25,130
in the Revelation.
So yeah, that was the plan.

1416
01:28:25,170 --> 01:28:29,530
But by the time it, by the time
they put the capstone on there,

1417
01:28:31,330 --> 01:28:33,730
they decided on upright right
instead.

1418
01:28:33,810 --> 01:28:36,730
But so that's kind of a cool
thing to see kind of an earlier

1419
01:28:36,810 --> 01:28:44,330
renditioning of the So in 1869
or something or some Pratt was

1420
01:28:44,330 --> 01:28:49,970
put on the job of transcribing
the scriptures and he did the

1421
01:28:49,970 --> 01:28:51,730
The Book of Mormon.
They originally were going to do

1422
01:28:51,730 --> 01:28:53,970
the Book of Mormon in three
parts, but they only ever

1423
01:28:53,970 --> 01:28:56,290
printed the first part.
So.

1424
01:28:57,410 --> 01:28:58,850
Oh wow.
No.

1425
01:28:58,850 --> 01:28:59,890
So there it is.
And there's a picture.

1426
01:28:59,890 --> 01:29:05,450
It has the blue cover And this,
this contains basically first

1427
01:29:05,450 --> 01:29:08,450
Nephi through Words of Mormon.
OK, that's part one.

1428
01:29:08,450 --> 01:29:10,210
And then they were going to do
Part 2 and three.

1429
01:29:10,570 --> 01:29:13,770
They actually never got around
to doing Part 2 and three, but

1430
01:29:13,770 --> 01:29:18,330
they did publish an entire book,
which is there had the the black

1431
01:29:18,570 --> 01:29:25,010
cover with gold lettering, 8000
copies of the the part one of

1432
01:29:25,010 --> 01:29:30,410
the Book of Mormon, and only 500
copies of the entire Book of

1433
01:29:30,410 --> 01:29:34,530
Mormon and in the church
archives.

1434
01:29:35,250 --> 01:29:37,530
They were never published, but
there.

1435
01:29:37,610 --> 01:29:41,890
But there is transcriptions made
by Orson Pratt of the entire

1436
01:29:42,130 --> 01:29:44,060
Bible.
Oh wow.

1437
01:29:44,060 --> 01:29:49,060
And Doctor Cummins as well.
So those were those were in the

1438
01:29:49,060 --> 01:29:54,580
works.
So it seems by now it's almost

1439
01:29:54,580 --> 01:29:59,180
picked up speed again, right.
It it, it, it's introduced, it

1440
01:29:59,300 --> 01:30:02,060
was, yeah.
It kind of adds to the right.

1441
01:30:02,100 --> 01:30:06,300
Yeah yeah so here's you know I
mentioned that they they thought

1442
01:30:06,300 --> 01:30:08,660
the type wasn't very good.
So show you.

1443
01:30:08,660 --> 01:30:16,510
Here's a a sample of the first
type which is on the left and

1444
01:30:16,510 --> 01:30:20,750
then the second kind of cleaner
type on the right.

1445
01:30:21,470 --> 01:30:23,710
So that cleaner type is on the
right.

1446
01:30:24,070 --> 01:30:28,710
This is what the the Book of
Mormon and the the 1st and 2nd

1447
01:30:28,750 --> 01:30:31,590
readers were published in the
stuff on the left.

1448
01:30:31,590 --> 01:30:36,910
This is the font that the Desert
Alpha or Deseret News used to

1449
01:30:36,910 --> 01:30:39,430
print their articles and you can
see it is.

1450
01:30:39,790 --> 01:30:42,440
I mean, I think they're both,
they both look fine, but

1451
01:30:42,440 --> 01:30:47,920
definitely the one on the right
is is cleaner and more extraly

1452
01:30:47,920 --> 01:30:49,520
done.
Let me ask you this.

1453
01:30:49,520 --> 01:30:50,960
Does it still read left to
right?

1454
01:30:51,480 --> 01:30:54,600
Yes, that's a good question.
When you read the desert

1455
01:30:54,600 --> 01:30:57,000
alphabet, everything is the same
except the letters.

1456
01:30:57,000 --> 01:31:00,120
So yeah, left to right
capitalization.

1457
01:31:00,120 --> 01:31:04,280
Although the desert alphabet
does not have it is bicameral,

1458
01:31:04,840 --> 01:31:08,960
so it has upper and lower case.
Things are capitalized, but the

1459
01:31:08,960 --> 01:31:11,460
letters are the same.
There's a larger version, Okay.

1460
01:31:11,540 --> 01:31:15,100
Like letter C, it's just larger,
just larger.

1461
01:31:15,100 --> 01:31:17,860
But we still we capitalize the
first word in a sentence,

1462
01:31:18,460 --> 01:31:22,620
capitalize proper nouns and
punctuation is the same.

1463
01:31:22,860 --> 01:31:25,900
Okay.
So yeah.

1464
01:31:26,020 --> 01:31:31,420
All right, so there it is.
So this is these are both

1465
01:31:32,020 --> 01:31:34,940
extracts from second Nephi
Chapter 30.

1466
01:31:36,460 --> 01:31:41,150
But so anyway, so you can kind
of see there, so that was 1869.

1467
01:31:43,950 --> 01:31:47,550
But yeah, all these, all these,
you know, these books are

1468
01:31:47,550 --> 01:31:49,790
distributed to all the schools
in the territory.

1469
01:31:50,270 --> 01:31:55,030
Kids are starting to read it.
But again, the interest just

1470
01:31:55,310 --> 01:31:59,790
starts to drop off again.
And by 1875, the Board of

1471
01:31:59,790 --> 01:32:04,030
Regents is thinking about going
back to Pitt.

1472
01:32:04,190 --> 01:32:06,670
And they actually do.
In 1875, they decide.

1473
01:32:07,740 --> 01:32:09,020
We're going back.
We're going back to Pitman,

1474
01:32:09,700 --> 01:32:13,940
Pitman Pharma TV and that's what
we're going to going to go with

1475
01:32:14,700 --> 01:32:17,940
and Orson Pratt.
Is Brigham dead by this point?

1476
01:32:17,940 --> 01:32:23,900
What guaranteed height?
Is there any indication how

1477
01:32:23,900 --> 01:32:27,900
Brigham felt about this?
Right, Cuz going back to Pitman,

1478
01:32:28,460 --> 01:32:30,740
yeah.
Well 18770.

1479
01:32:31,120 --> 01:32:36,760
I guess that was 1877 is the
year Brigham dies and Orson

1480
01:32:36,760 --> 01:32:41,960
Pratt is actually in England for
the purpose of getting Pittman

1481
01:32:42,520 --> 01:32:45,840
phonotype to bring back so they
can print books with that.

1482
01:32:46,320 --> 01:32:50,720
When Brigham dies and he just
gets called back, he never

1483
01:32:51,400 --> 01:32:53,120
purchases the type as far as we
know.

1484
01:32:54,320 --> 01:32:59,390
And basically, that's the end of
Mormonism, experimentation into

1485
01:32:59,750 --> 01:33:03,350
English reform.
Like it dies with Britain and

1486
01:33:04,550 --> 01:33:06,870
John Taylor doesn't care about
it.

1487
01:33:06,870 --> 01:33:09,790
I don't know if he doesn't care
about it, but he's got bigger

1488
01:33:09,790 --> 01:33:13,470
problems, let me say that.
So it it gets totally pushed to

1489
01:33:13,470 --> 01:33:14,790
the wayside.
Yeah, because.

1490
01:33:14,790 --> 01:33:16,910
Now all of a sudden you're
fighting for your life and not

1491
01:33:16,910 --> 01:33:19,870
going to jail, and living on the
underground is exactly right.

1492
01:33:20,510 --> 01:33:24,110
Yeah, I could see where that you
guys pushed the side and never

1493
01:33:24,110 --> 01:33:30,150
comes back, basically.
So yeah, I have, I have a little

1494
01:33:30,150 --> 01:33:35,230
bit of of my artwork here.
On the next one, it's a little

1495
01:33:35,230 --> 01:33:38,430
bit of a little bit of poetry, a
little bit of calligraphy.

1496
01:33:39,150 --> 01:33:40,590
It's the life of the desert
alphabet.

1497
01:33:40,590 --> 01:33:44,630
In one stanza it reads an
alphabet, an alphabet.

1498
01:33:44,950 --> 01:33:47,950
We have got an alphabet and we
need no more alphabet.

1499
01:33:49,190 --> 01:33:52,750
That's awesome.
So little shout out to Nephi

1500
01:33:52,750 --> 01:33:58,500
there but yeah that's what
that's the story of the desert

1501
01:33:58,500 --> 01:34:01,700
alphabet.
So I've got I've got those books

1502
01:34:01,700 --> 01:34:07,940
I showed you there are there are
some modern some modern things

1503
01:34:08,820 --> 01:34:12,100
printed in the desert alphabet.
So there's one guy named John

1504
01:34:12,100 --> 01:34:16,740
Jenkins and you can you know
find him online but he's got,

1505
01:34:17,140 --> 01:34:19,740
he's got some he's got quite a
few books that he's.

1506
01:34:21,380 --> 01:34:24,660
Oh, the Lectures of Faith
published with the desert

1507
01:34:24,660 --> 01:34:27,180
alphabet.
He has changed the font a little

1508
01:34:27,180 --> 01:34:30,620
bit, kind of.
He has his own spin on it and

1509
01:34:30,620 --> 01:34:31,780
there's what the inside looks
like.

1510
01:34:32,140 --> 01:34:37,140
Okay, okay, this is the Book of
Mormon.

1511
01:34:37,140 --> 01:34:44,140
So this is the John Jenkins like
modern version, the so which is

1512
01:34:44,140 --> 01:34:46,820
you know you can get on Amazon
or something if you have by the

1513
01:34:46,820 --> 01:34:49,740
way the like one of the full
Book of Mormon.

1514
01:34:50,520 --> 01:34:52,760
Like I said, there's only 500 of
those printed and it's kind of a

1515
01:34:52,760 --> 01:34:54,960
weird thing.
Those things are worth like

1516
01:34:56,120 --> 01:35:00,200
$10,000 or something, you know,
depending on the condition it's

1517
01:35:00,200 --> 01:35:02,080
in.
But they're quite rare.

1518
01:35:02,400 --> 01:35:05,640
So.
So there are for a while when I

1519
01:35:05,640 --> 01:35:11,920
was in, when I was at UCLA,
there was a Yahoo group dealing

1520
01:35:11,920 --> 01:35:13,280
with the desert alphabet that I
joined.

1521
01:35:13,280 --> 01:35:21,930
That's all kind of gone the way
now, but I actually Scroll down

1522
01:35:21,930 --> 01:35:27,330
a little bit.
So again when I was at UCLA they

1523
01:35:27,330 --> 01:35:29,330
actually I was a graduate
student there and they actually

1524
01:35:29,690 --> 01:35:34,290
they had web space like a web
page for every graduate student.

1525
01:35:34,290 --> 01:35:41,190
If you wanted to have your own
web page so to like highlight

1526
01:35:41,190 --> 01:35:46,070
your research or whatever.
So I ended up using mine not to

1527
01:35:46,070 --> 01:35:49,310
do anything at all with
chemistry, but I turned it into

1528
01:35:49,310 --> 01:35:51,430
Joshua Erickson's Desert
Alphabet pages.

1529
01:35:51,670 --> 01:35:53,750
That's awesome.
If you Google that, you can find

1530
01:35:53,750 --> 01:35:55,870
it.
Now this was many years ago.

1531
01:35:55,870 --> 01:35:59,670
I actually don't have access to
these web pages to like to edit

1532
01:35:59,670 --> 01:36:02,590
them or whatever anymore.
And so there's a lot of dead

1533
01:36:02,590 --> 01:36:05,710
links, but there's still a lot
of good information on there.

1534
01:36:06,310 --> 01:36:10,270
I've compiled a lot of things.
One of the cool ones is that my

1535
01:36:10,270 --> 01:36:15,110
website has a bunch of fonts so
and I made these fonts.

1536
01:36:15,110 --> 01:36:20,470
I designed these with font
creating software and so.

1537
01:36:20,630 --> 01:36:25,350
Adam, make damn it.
Be times be tumble bee.

1538
01:36:25,870 --> 01:36:27,150
I like it.
Queen bee.

1539
01:36:27,190 --> 01:36:30,190
I like it.
So some of these were designed

1540
01:36:30,190 --> 01:36:31,830
by me, some of them were
designed by other people.

1541
01:36:31,830 --> 01:36:35,950
And I just kind of consolidated
in one place, you know, scour

1542
01:36:35,950 --> 01:36:37,550
the Internet.
There probably have been other

1543
01:36:37,550 --> 01:36:38,830
fonts that have been created
since.

1544
01:36:38,830 --> 01:36:41,870
But at the time I had everything
that I could find and I put it

1545
01:36:41,870 --> 01:36:44,270
all.
So you can download those fonts,

1546
01:36:44,310 --> 01:36:46,510
you know, for free and put them
on your computer and then you

1547
01:36:46,510 --> 01:36:49,470
can type them.
It takes a little bit of a doing

1548
01:36:49,470 --> 01:36:53,790
because our keyboard has, right,
doesn't have, you know, the

1549
01:36:53,790 --> 01:36:59,390
desert alphabet has, you know,
40 characters and there's only,

1550
01:36:59,470 --> 01:37:02,750
you know, 26 alphabetic keys.
So some of the punctuation and

1551
01:37:02,750 --> 01:37:06,440
stuff is is used but but you can
go there.

1552
01:37:08,800 --> 01:37:11,840
It's kind of cool.
I have one more thing to show

1553
01:37:11,840 --> 01:37:19,440
you I guess show it down.
So when Benjamin Shaffer comes

1554
01:37:19,440 --> 01:37:22,760
to my house, he let he let.
He's commented on this before

1555
01:37:22,800 --> 01:37:27,320
because I guess the most it's
the most like it's the

1556
01:37:27,320 --> 01:37:30,000
strangest, most iconic thing
that you can see on a house.

1557
01:37:30,590 --> 01:37:33,870
It's got the Torah scroll with,
yeah, it's a missusa.

1558
01:37:34,230 --> 01:37:36,030
So it has, you know, some
scriptures in there.

1559
01:37:36,070 --> 01:37:38,470
But on the outside it says
holiness to the Lord in the

1560
01:37:38,470 --> 01:37:39,630
desert alphabet.
That's.

1561
01:37:39,670 --> 01:37:42,070
Gangster.
That's one of a yeah, I like it.

1562
01:37:43,270 --> 01:37:47,350
And you know this, I've got
lamb's blood on the door there

1563
01:37:47,350 --> 01:37:49,750
from Passover.
So it's got like, lamb's blood.

1564
01:37:49,830 --> 01:37:52,310
And this Missusa with the desert
alphabet, it's like.

1565
01:37:52,430 --> 01:37:54,830
Nice this is.
These are some weird people who

1566
01:37:54,830 --> 01:37:56,110
live here.
No, that's awesome.

1567
01:37:56,510 --> 01:37:59,490
So let me ask you this.
Because you're literally a

1568
01:37:59,490 --> 01:38:01,330
rocket scientist, So what?
What?

1569
01:38:01,890 --> 01:38:03,570
I'm I'm going to default to you
on this?

1570
01:38:04,450 --> 01:38:07,170
Was Brigham's goal met with the
Deseret alphabet?

1571
01:38:07,330 --> 01:38:09,730
Was it easier than trying to
learn English?

1572
01:38:10,410 --> 01:38:16,850
Oh, you know, I think it yes, I
think it would be.

1573
01:38:18,010 --> 01:38:22,530
But similar to the arguments
that Benjamin Franklin made.

1574
01:38:23,370 --> 01:38:26,250
Yeah, it would be easier and
yet.

1575
01:38:27,590 --> 01:38:29,070
But there's just so much
inertia.

1576
01:38:29,510 --> 01:38:32,510
I'll just call it inertia.
It's like social or societal

1577
01:38:32,590 --> 01:38:37,510
inertia to get something, some
kind of transformation like

1578
01:38:37,510 --> 01:38:39,710
that.
I mean, and that's true with all

1579
01:38:39,710 --> 01:38:42,230
the rest of Mormonism too, you
know, And.

1580
01:38:42,230 --> 01:38:48,510
And I mean we we're supposed to
be Kingdom of God, Desiree,

1581
01:38:48,510 --> 01:38:50,990
Right.
But then like well we'll just

1582
01:38:51,590 --> 01:38:53,710
we'll become part of the United
States and then it will just

1583
01:38:53,710 --> 01:38:58,830
kind of fall in line and and we
just Utah doesn't really, I mean

1584
01:38:58,830 --> 01:39:01,510
Utah doesn't really.
I'm not talking about the church

1585
01:39:01,590 --> 01:39:05,670
necessarily a Mormonism but Utah
as a state and we don't really

1586
01:39:05,670 --> 01:39:11,030
lead the way anything really.
There are things that are better

1587
01:39:11,030 --> 01:39:13,830
about Utah than other places,
but plenty of things that are

1588
01:39:13,830 --> 01:39:15,190
worse too.
Or just we're just kind of

1589
01:39:15,350 --> 01:39:16,710
middle of the road in a lot of
ways.

1590
01:39:16,830 --> 01:39:19,550
No, I agree with you as I was
thinking about this last night

1591
01:39:19,590 --> 01:39:25,440
before before we recorded this.
And I sat for probably an hour

1592
01:39:25,440 --> 01:39:27,920
or two and just kind of thought
about it and and its

1593
01:39:27,920 --> 01:39:30,880
ramifications.
I think it just like you were

1594
01:39:30,880 --> 01:39:34,920
saying.
It really is a microcosm of the

1595
01:39:34,920 --> 01:39:38,480
thrust of what Brigham wanted to
do, right, and what the Lord, I

1596
01:39:38,480 --> 01:39:42,600
believe, inspired Brigham to do,
which was go find an area nobody

1597
01:39:42,600 --> 01:39:45,440
else wants.
And out of that you're going to

1598
01:39:45,440 --> 01:39:50,560
build your own Kingdom, my
Kingdom, and just.

1599
01:39:51,520 --> 01:39:59,510
By dribs and drabs.
We let Babylon come, come in and

1600
01:39:59,510 --> 01:40:05,310
and creep in and subvert that
because when when you're reading

1601
01:40:05,310 --> 01:40:09,510
Brigham.
There's a very he he's making a

1602
01:40:09,750 --> 01:40:13,550
a a really strong line, a really
dark line between Babylon and

1603
01:40:13,550 --> 01:40:14,390
us.
Right.

1604
01:40:14,670 --> 01:40:17,030
He speaks out against public
schools, right.

1605
01:40:17,030 --> 01:40:19,990
He's not a fan of public school
systems.

1606
01:40:20,510 --> 01:40:22,990
He's like, we do not want to do
this.

1607
01:40:23,550 --> 01:40:26,790
I think he actually says why
would I want Babylon to educate

1608
01:40:26,790 --> 01:40:30,830
my children, right.
And so he's he's keenly aware of

1609
01:40:30,830 --> 01:40:34,350
this, and by there were.
There were, I mean, just that

1610
01:40:34,350 --> 01:40:38,950
alone, like.
It was a it's not.

1611
01:40:38,950 --> 01:40:45,870
It's not a hidden thing.
It was an open conspiracy by

1612
01:40:46,830 --> 01:40:52,510
some folks to in to set up
public schools in order to get

1613
01:40:52,510 --> 01:40:54,110
Mormon children to not be
Mormon.

1614
01:40:54,590 --> 01:40:57,470
You look at the Alta Academy.
I mean not the Alta Academy

1615
01:40:57,470 --> 01:41:01,630
excuse me, the the Alta Club
down downtown which was a

1616
01:41:01,630 --> 01:41:05,730
business a club for businessmen
who were quote gentiles, right

1617
01:41:06,090 --> 01:41:09,210
who just that their whole thrust
was to subvert this.

1618
01:41:26,490 --> 01:41:11,490
Right, Zion, Right.
They they figured out that Utah

1619
01:41:11,490 --> 01:41:14,370
was kind of the the crossroads
of the West.

1620
01:41:14,730 --> 01:41:18,330
You could get to the southwest,
the northwest, all from this one

1621
01:41:18,330 --> 01:41:22,930
hub and and they then they found
natural resources the minerals

1622
01:41:23,410 --> 01:41:25,810
in the in the hills and they
understand one.

1623
01:41:28,290 --> 01:41:30,090
It was.
It was the Mormons, right?

1624
01:41:31,130 --> 01:41:33,730
Yep.
And so I I really do think it's

1625
01:41:33,730 --> 01:41:38,890
a microcosm of of what I think
happened to Utah in those early

1626
01:41:38,890 --> 01:41:42,330
days.
And I, you know, as tempting as

1627
01:41:42,330 --> 01:41:45,370
it is to blame outside
influences.

1628
01:41:45,530 --> 01:41:50,170
I I think probably the biggest
take away that that I thought

1629
01:41:50,170 --> 01:41:55,290
about this and is this idea of
now this probably came from the

1630
01:41:55,290 --> 01:41:58,930
bottom up, right.
There was probably a lot of

1631
01:41:58,930 --> 01:42:03,210
people who were on board with
not being quite so weird, quite

1632
01:42:03,210 --> 01:42:06,650
so different.
And so sometimes I think that

1633
01:42:06,650 --> 01:42:12,170
that feeling of being different
can it's uncomfortable but I I

1634
01:42:12,170 --> 01:42:14,970
think it's you got to count the
cost right.

1635
01:42:14,970 --> 01:42:18,370
I don't think and I don't think
that when it did come from the

1636
01:42:18,370 --> 01:42:22,090
bottom up, anybody was like
let's do everything we can to be

1637
01:42:22,090 --> 01:42:25,050
like Philadelphia or be like
Boston, right.

1638
01:42:25,050 --> 01:42:27,730
They were like well that's a
good idea and brother Brigham

1639
01:42:27,730 --> 01:42:29,690
said that all truth belongs to
Mormonism.

1640
01:42:29,690 --> 01:42:31,370
So we'll just take this here
right?

1641
01:42:31,930 --> 01:42:34,090
Because I'm good at making
excuses for myself.

1642
01:42:34,250 --> 01:42:36,690
I can kind of see how someone
would get there right.

1643
01:42:37,250 --> 01:42:40,290
So I I think if they I think
it's it's two things.

1644
01:42:40,290 --> 01:42:44,970
One is it Harkins back to to my
my takeaways where it it makes

1645
01:42:44,970 --> 01:42:49,410
me harken back to those days and
remember what it is that that we

1646
01:42:49,410 --> 01:42:53,890
should be about right, which is
a a counterculture a different

1647
01:42:53,890 --> 01:42:57,130
society and the other is you got
a guard.

1648
01:42:57,250 --> 01:42:59,650
You have to be on guard about
that because there's a lot of

1649
01:42:59,650 --> 01:43:03,050
times those things will will
feel very appealing in the

1650
01:43:03,050 --> 01:43:06,050
moment, but yet we'll subvert
your your ultimate goal, you.

1651
01:43:06,290 --> 01:43:08,890
Know what I think it is, too.
A lot of it is not.

1652
01:43:09,050 --> 01:43:13,850
It's not necessarily any
particular principle, right?

1653
01:43:14,130 --> 01:43:16,620
But it's it's a vision.
Yep.

1654
01:43:16,700 --> 01:43:19,820
That we are going to be a
separate people.

1655
01:43:21,020 --> 01:43:27,860
And once that, once that vision
is lost, then then the Rep, then

1656
01:43:27,900 --> 01:43:32,340
it's easy to it'll be more like
our neighbors and just fit in.

1657
01:43:32,780 --> 01:43:35,620
And we're not this isn't really
the Kingdom.

1658
01:43:35,620 --> 01:43:40,060
We're just right.
We're just the church here you

1659
01:43:40,060 --> 01:43:41,300
know when we go to church and
stuff.

1660
01:43:41,300 --> 01:43:43,060
But we're not We're not the
Kingdom.

1661
01:43:43,060 --> 01:43:44,700
We're not building the Kingdom.
We're just.

1662
01:43:45,530 --> 01:43:47,490
We just live in Utah, right?
Yep.

1663
01:43:47,810 --> 01:43:48,850
Yep.
No, I agree.

1664
01:43:49,330 --> 01:43:52,010
Well, dude, that was good stuff.
Yeah, pretty good.

1665
01:43:52,210 --> 01:43:54,330
Awesome.
All right, bye, everybody.

1666
01:43:54,690 --> 01:44:18,170
Bye.
You're listening to the Mormon

1667
01:44:18,170 --> 01:44:19,490
Renegade podcast.